{"id":12448,"date":"2015-07-31T05:04:20","date_gmt":"2015-07-30T23:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/?p=12448"},"modified":"2015-07-31T05:04:20","modified_gmt":"2015-07-30T23:04:20","slug":"10-bai-bay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/10-bai-bay\/","title":{"rendered":"10. B\u00c0I B\u1ea2Y"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00c0I B\u1ea2Y – \u00c1NH S\u00c1NG TRONG M\u1ed8T TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI T\u0102M T\u1ed0I<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u1ede t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 tha, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ee9c ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u0103m t\u1ed1i b\u1edfi th\u00f3i \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean \u0111i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau. S\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 Sa ng\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n

113. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 sa ng\u00e3. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

114. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb sa ng\u00e3 trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y: n\u01a1i tr\u00e1i tim b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. “Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ta \u201cc\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ngay trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, \u00f3c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t trung, l\u00f2ng ghen t\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 leo thang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u00f9 h\u1eadn v\u00e0 chia l\u00eca.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt t\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn[1].<\/p>\n

115. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng 2014 v\u1ec1 ” C\u00e1c Th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a” \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m: h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hay h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01a1n th\u00e2n, n\u1ea1n \u0111a th\u00ea, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i m\u00f4n, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 mua ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giai c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ; c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh; t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a nguy\u00ean theo thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong quan ni\u1ec7m h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n; \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh; nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh trong giao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n; hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang thai h\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u); v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n[2].<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

116. S\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00f3i m\u00f2n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 l\u00fac nguy\u1ec7n kinh Truy\u1ec1n Tin, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00f3i: “T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef l\u1edbn “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i”. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hay! \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed3ng b\u00f2. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean, l\u00e1nh sang Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n. R\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Nadar\u00e9t. V\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay, khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec vi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn bao gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eeda, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i \u1ea5m, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i do v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u00e1i \u1ea5m \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau. Vun \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n) h\u00e3y l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0[3].<\/p>\n

117. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ec5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hy v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin Kit\u00f4 ki\u00ean v\u1eefng s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

118. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI, trong Th\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, “B\u00e1c \u00c1i trong Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd”, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn “c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d[4]. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng : “Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i \u1ea5m, c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho con c\u00e1i \u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi”[5]. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n[6]; gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1[7].<\/p>\n

119. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

120. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf si\u00eau t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang xem t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ham mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4n c\u00f9ng th\u00edch nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed th\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i rong ru\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u01a1i. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t kh\u00f4n ngu\u00f4i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi ch\u00fang ta \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 chi tr\u1ea3, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho th\u1ecb d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay th\u00eam tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao V\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m Khi\u00eau d\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sai tr\u00e1i<\/p>\n

121. Xem t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n k\u00e8m theo h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y xem con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. V\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7t) ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong nam gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tham gia \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 si\u00eau l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 qua chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p. V\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m d\u1ea1y cho kh\u00e1ch ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00f3i s\u1ed1ng \u00edch k\u1ec9, d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ai d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

122. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, bao dung, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi sinh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00ec tha nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng theo giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m l\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i c\u0169ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2018h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9ng\u2019 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u00ed do d\u00f9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi sinh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. V\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u00eau d\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t trong ch\u1ed1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

123. C\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 coi ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 coi s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd \u0111i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

124. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ng\u1eeba thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi \u00fd ngay l\u00e0nh. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e2n \u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0 c\u00e0n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e2n \u00e1i c\u00f3 ng\u1eeba thai th\u00ec v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ai. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p qu\u00e1 quen v\u1edbi ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh khi nghe gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

125. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau bi\u1ebft hi sinh qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u giao \u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o. H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh tin r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eeba thai ngoan c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XII gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7n l\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m cho nhau trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u. Th\u1eadt ra, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nhau, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.[8]<\/p>\n

126. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay h\u1eefu \u00edch xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. T\u1eeb c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac (ki\u1ec3u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c tinh ch\u1ebf\u2019 (refined hedonism)[9]. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gia khi \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p:<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Giuse l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u1ef1 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea7m k\u00edn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m ch\u00fa l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng hay t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi cao. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3i m\u00ea theo \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho cay \u0111\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e2m can. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, ng\u00e0i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u00fang t\u00fang. V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u0103m gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho cay \u0111\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh…. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00e1nh Giuse t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i. T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh … v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m theo th\u00e1nh \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i.[10]<\/p>\n

127. Ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ecbu d\u1eddi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y, ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai \u2018che gi\u1ea5u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m sao cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u2019[11]<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ea.<\/strong><\/p>\n

128. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n “l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m” bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00ean c\u00f3 con. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb “nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i”, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u1edbi “quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam con n\u1eefa trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d[12].<\/p>\n

129. C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, tham v\u1ea5n hay b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Natural Family Planning). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. N\u00f3i cho s\u00e2u xa, m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00e9u nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, linh m\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 thi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

130. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, sau khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00eam con c\u00e1i, th\u00ec thi tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ki\u00eang c\u1eef giao h\u1ee3p, theo K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a theo Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (KHH theo PPTN). Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a theo PPTN n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 KHH theo PPTN v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kinh nghi\u1eb9m ch\u1ee7 quan. KHH theo PPTN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u1eeba th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

131. KHH theo PPTN \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00e1i \u00e2n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n sinh n\u1edf c\u00e1ch qu\u00e3ng. KHH theo PPTN k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, KHH theo PPTN \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n c\u00e1c ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef sa ng\u00e3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111i rong, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec m\u00e0 KHH theo PPTN \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m th\u00eam s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng. KHH theo PPTN kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, KHH theo PPTN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0m h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm<\/strong><\/p>\n

132. Nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean b\u00e1o g\u1ea7n 50 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i[13]. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai nhan nh\u1ea3n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1eddi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n hay nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c xem ra ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Khi s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. V\u00e0 trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 tr\u1ebb c\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t. Ng\u1eeba thai tr\u00e0n lan c\u0169ng xem ra l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n (tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n), nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u00e2n \u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd l\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng con c\u00e1i, bi\u1ec7n minh cho ng\u1eeba thai, c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

133. Khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n sinh, ng\u1eeba thai s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng theo c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00eam b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, \u0111ang khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean li d\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00f3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y :<\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u xa, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c … H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh “t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 du, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nghi\u00e3 v\u1ee5 s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n”[14]<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

134. \u0110\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c hay c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ra kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o l\u00fd l\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n minh cho k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm hay t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f9ng \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn nhau. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 li d\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ecdi, th\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u2018h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh\u2019.<\/p>\n

135. V\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2018h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n\u2019 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m \u00fd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng hay thi\u1ebfu qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n hay t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh. V\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ngay trong t\u1eadp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y, H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi trao ban v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, bi\u1ebft hi sinh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch, li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 trong khi “\u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho nhau”[15], H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n trong s\u00e1ng, lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

136. T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh. Th\u00e1nh Alfred Rievaulx \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.[16] B\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111em l\u1ea1i “hoa tr\u00e1i” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o” khi h\u1ecd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nhau s\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng”[17]. D\u1eabu t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t sinh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi hay kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o l\u1edbn lao cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang”[18].<\/p>\n

137. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3 khi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu hi sinh trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n

138. H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eef nh\u00ecn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh d\u00f9 nam hay n\u1eef th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Ng\u00e0i d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, hi sinh, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh, trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n hay trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn. C\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi hi sinh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y nay<\/strong><\/p>\n

139. Nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u2018h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n\u2019 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, kh\u01a1i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.[19] N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u201cc\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc” x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean”[20]. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra hay t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. “Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nhau tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d[21]. C\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

140. Cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1948 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cgia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u201d[22]. Nh\u01b0ng khi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, b\u1ecf qua m\u1ecdi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m coi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh[23]. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, ng\u00e0y nay nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 cho quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

141. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang ra s\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb con.<\/p>\n

142. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a t\u00ecnh. L\u00f4gich c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00f4gich c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 n\u00f3i trong Th\u01b0 \u00caph\u00eas\u00f4 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5, theo \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau theo cung c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Th\u1ee9 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0ng sau nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

143. H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1 v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i l\u00fac kh\u00e1c, H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung gian \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u01a1i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch[24].<\/p>\n

144. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

145. Khi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu \u0111i. Khi gia \u0111\u00ecnh suy y\u1ebfu, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng gian cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n theo m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa) th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd soi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb . \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

146. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 sa ng\u00e3. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi tr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00f4 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m d\u00e2m \u00f4, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai, ly d\u1ecb, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hay tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ly d\u1ecb, hay “h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n” \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i ren, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m vun x\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u1ea3o Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh.
\nb) \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?
\nc) M\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung gi\u1eefa ly d\u1ecb, ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?
\nd) C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh? Gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 anh ch\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

[1] GLHTCG, 1606.
\n[2] Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7n III, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u201cC\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng\u201d,Vatican, 2013.
\n[3] \u0110GH Phanxic\u00f4, Kinh truy\u1ec1n tin, 22\/12\/2013, Vatican
\n[4] \u0110GH B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI T\u0111. Caritas in veritate 2009, s 15.
\n[5] \u0110GH B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI, di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u201c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng ng\u00e0y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d ( 1\/1\/2008)
\n[6] Cf Mt 2,13-23.
\n[7] \u0110GH Phanxic\u00f4, Kinh truy\u1ec1n tin, 29\/12\/2013, Vatican.
\n[8] \u0110GH Pi\u00f4 XII, \u201cB\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 sinh\u201d 29\/10\/1951.
\n[9] \u0110GH Pi\u00f4 XII, \u201cB\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 sinh\u201d 29\/10\/1951.
\n[10] \u0110GH Phanxic\u00f4, Kinh truy\u1ec1n tin, 22\/12\/2013, Vatican.
\n[11] \u0110GH B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI, di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u201cNh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 40 n\u0103m Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humane vitae c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI\u201d ( 2\/10\/2008).
\n[12] HV, 10. Cf. GLHTCG, 2368. Xem th\u00eam s\u1ed1 72 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.
\n[13] Cf. HV, 17.
\n[14] EG, 66.
\n[15] Xem nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s. 68
\n[16] Th\u00e1nh Aelred of Rievaul, De Spirituali Amicitia, 1:51.
\n[17] Th\u00e1nh Aelred of Rievaul, De Spirituali Amicitia, 45-46.
\n[18] GLHTCG, 2347. Xem tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ed1 102
\n[19] Cf. T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (HTXHCG), 214.
\n[20] \u0110GH Leo XIII, T\u0111. Rerum Novarum (RN),(1891), 13.
\n[21] GS 52.
\n[22] LHQ tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u 16.
\n[23] Cf. EG 66.
\n[24] EG, 65.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00c0I B\u1ea2Y – \u00c1NH S\u00c1NG TRONG M\u1ed8T TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI T\u0102M T\u1ed0I \u1ede t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 tha, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ee9c ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u0103m t\u1ed1i b\u1edfi th\u00f3i … [Read more…]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-phaolo","4":"post-12448","6":"format-standard","7":"category-dai-hoi-the-gioi-ve-gia-dinh-ky-viii"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12448"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12449,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12448\/revisions\/12449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}