{"id":13743,"date":"2019-01-02T20:52:27","date_gmt":"2019-01-02T14:52:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/?p=13743"},"modified":"2019-02-15T04:43:06","modified_gmt":"2019-02-14T22:43:06","slug":"tai-lie%cc%a3u-lam-vie%cc%a3c-thuo%cc%a3ng-ho%cc%a3i-dong-ve-gioi-tre%cc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/tai-lie%cc%a3u-lam-vie%cc%a3c-thuo%cc%a3ng-ho%cc%a3i-dong-ve-gioi-tre%cc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"Ta\u0300i Li\u00ea\u0323u La\u0300m Vi\u00ea\u0323c Th\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng H\u00f4\u0323i \u0110\u00f4\u0300ng v\u00ea\u0300 Gi\u01a1\u0301i Tre\u0309"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u L\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Di\u0323ch: Vu\u0303 V\u0103n An\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 06\/August\/2018<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Cha Vu\u0303 Xu\u00e2n Minh nh\u00e2\u0301n ma\u0323nh nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m chi\u0301nh<\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/strong>PHI\u00caN H\u1eccP TO\u00c0N TH\u1ec2 TH\u01af\u1edcNG L\u1ec6 L\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 XV <\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ee6A TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C: <\/strong><\/p>\n

GI\u1edaI TR\u1eba, \u0110\u1ee8C TIN V\u00c0 BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c2N \u01a0N G\u1eccI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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Ca\u0301c ch\u01b0\u0303 vi\u00ea\u0301t t\u0103\u0301t: <\/strong><\/p>\n

AL Amoris laetitia
\nCL Christifideles laici
\nCHTT (OLQ) B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng
\nDC Deus caritas est
\nEG Evangelii gaudium
\nEN Evangelii nuntiandi
\nGE Gaudete et exsultate
\nGMTH\u0110(PM) G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng (19-24 Th\u00e1ng Ba 2018)
\nGS Gaudium et spes
\nHTQT (IS) H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadn Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb (11-15 Th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn 2017)
\nH\u0110GM (BC) H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c
\nIE Iuvenescit ecclesia
\nTLCB (DP) T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb
\nTB (DV) Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh
\nLF Lumen fidei
\nLG Lumen gentium
\nLHBTC (USG) Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean C\u1ea3
\nLS Laudato si\u2019
\nNGTTG (WYD) Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi
\nNMI Novo millennio ineunte
\nPD Placuit Deo
\nPDV Pastores dabo vobis
\nPO Presbyterorum ordinis
\nPP Populorum progressio
\nRFIS Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis
\nVC Vita consecrata
\nVG Veritatis gaudium
\nVD Verbum Domini<\/p>\n

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GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 2016, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Phi\u00ean H\u1ecdp To\u00e0n Th\u1ec3 Th\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ec7 L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 XV c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c: \u201cGi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb, \u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e2n \u01a0n G\u1ecdi\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb ; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m 2017, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u201cTh\u01b0 G\u1eedi Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha. T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ng\u1ecf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi 15 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed7i ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chia s\u1ebb 3 \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb 11 t\u1edbi 15 th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn n\u0103m 2017, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadn Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, gi\u00fap t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean, nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f2an th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa trong t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra (R\u00f4ma, 19-24 Th\u00e1ng Ba 2018), k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt L\u1ec5 L\u00e1, khi T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Sau C\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha. Kho\u1ea3ng 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 5 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 15 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa tham d\u1ef1 qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fa \u00fd. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u1eeb 4 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u201cC\u00e1c Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t\u201d g\u1eedi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 K\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y trong T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u L\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 K\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh 3 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Phi\u00ean H\u1ecdp Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: Ph\u1ea7n I, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn\u201d, trong 5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta l\u1eafng nghe th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay. Ph\u1ea7n II, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cgi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u201d, trong 4 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng g\u1eedi cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng xem x\u00e9t; Ph\u1ea7n III, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u201cl\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn\u201d, trong 4 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ebd thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u00fap c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb Ph\u1ee5 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp ch\u00fa c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 Phi\u00ean H\u1ecdp Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ckhu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d (GE 9) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n n\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n Vatican, 8 Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m 2018
\nH\u1ed3ng Y Lorenzo Baldisseri
\nT\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 K\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng <\/em><\/p>\n

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D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP <\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng <\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7m \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em> Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi: nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Emmaus (xem Lc 24: 13-35<\/em><\/strong>)<\/em> th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ai, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb trung h\u00f3a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II (8 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1965) v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb (3-28 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2018), m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha n\u00eau b\u1eadt khi ng\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng: \u00ab Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi g\u1eedi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. [\u2026] N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecdc theo ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00edn th\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 m\u1edf l\u00f2ng ra v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb trung h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d, trong khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1eefa \u201cs\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d n\u00e0y.<\/em>
\n<\/strong>
\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n <\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Trong bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft – v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi – h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, trong s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, can \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfn ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang. V\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebft trung th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc theo, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n<\/em><\/strong>. N\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta m\u1edf l\u00f2ng ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Phi\u00ean H\u1ecdp Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 t\u1edbi, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3n v\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n

3. T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u L\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong Evangelii Gaudium <\/em>51: nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/em><\/strong> Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn<\/em>. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay, trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng<\/strong>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (xem GS 1). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i tai bi\u1ebft quan t\u00e2m, lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd thay, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y n\u00f3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/em>. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/em><\/strong> Khung tham chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u00e1nh kinh, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng: gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/em><\/strong> Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t khung tham chi\u1ebfu tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u201cr\u1eb1ng trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u00bb(GE 43). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh t\u00e2m linh c\u1edfi m\u1edf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a<\/em>. Ch\u1ec9 trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/strong> Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 vun s\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ee9ng ng\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I L\u1eaeNG NGHE TH\u1ef0C T\u1ea0I<\/strong><\/p>\n

4. \u00abC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00bb<\/em><\/strong> (xem EG 231-233): trong Ph\u1ea7n I, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 may xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u00e2y (xem LS 15 ). V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gian r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: C\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N I: NH\u00ccN NH\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I: L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u00f4m nay<\/p>\n

5. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb: \u00abH\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p h\u1ecd trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, khi c\u00f4 l\u1eadp gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ta g\u00e2y cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng; ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y \u0111i “vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1, h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u00bb(T\u00f4ng du Rio de Janeiro nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp NG\u00c0Y GI\u1edaI TR\u1eba TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 28<\/em>. Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o trong chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn Ba T\u00e2y<\/em>, ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2013).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

6. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1.8 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 16 \u0111\u1ebfn 29 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i chung. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 (tr\u00ean 30%), trong khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c (kho\u1ea3ng 15% ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n); c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi 60 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 80, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng. Ngay trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

7. Di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh tham v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n \u1ea5p \u1ee7:<\/em><\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1c n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9m l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00fat lui; c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y: c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp (ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang) v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ecb cho ra r\u00eca \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

8. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong khu v\u1ef1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, theo \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em><\/strong> (t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u1eefa). N\u00f3i chung, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C kh\u00e1c lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c mong \u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n gi\u00e0u t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, c\u00e1c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, ngay b\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C xem s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t do ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u suy \u0111\u1ed3i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

10. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng: \u00ab\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i th\u00edch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u: m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i \u0111a di\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/strong> \u0110\u00fang, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111a di\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a lu\u00f4n n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00bb(G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Roma Tre<\/em>, ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2017; T\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong gina.uniroma3.it\/download\/1491300733.pdf). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u0111a nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau: \u00abCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khoan dung. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. […] Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean c\u1eed h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 2). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch “duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf” (GMTH\u0110 2).<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

11. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/strong> V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u1eefa TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG li\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: \u00ab\u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao ni\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111ang sa s\u00fat \u00bb(GMTH\u0110 1). Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn lao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

12. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho B\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u01b0a th\u00edch tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em> trong khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng b\u1ed1, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cha tinh th\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

13. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean: \u00abM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0” m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 “v\u00e0” l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi “<\/em><\/strong>. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e1m r\u1ec5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c\u00bb(GMTH\u0110 1). Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u0103n h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y; tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn lao cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb theo \u0111u\u1ed5i.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n

14. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7: ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho ch\u00ednh l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp ch\u00fa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u00ecnh. <\/em><\/strong>Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh t\u1eebng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft, \u00abv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin. M\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ng\u00e0y nay, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u201cs\u1ef1 ra xa l\u1ea1 l\u1eabn nhau\u201d: ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Do c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/em><\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng can d\u1ef1 g\u00ec v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7: \u00abCh\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng nghe sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u hoa tr\u00e1i\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 15).<\/p>\n

15. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ed3ng trang \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a (peer), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ed3ng trang \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1ebd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

16. Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u201cNh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m: quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (GMTH\u0110 1). Do c\u00e1c l\u00fd do x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1eddi gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ebft h\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c hay tu tr\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 khi b\u01b0\u1edbc sang tu\u1ed5i 18, trong khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra sau tu\u1ed5i 30, khi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111i. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (linear), trong \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0, nh\u00ecn chung, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, \u00abl\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u00bb.<\/p>\n

17. \u1ede m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 may v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn (xem TLCB I, 3 v\u00e0 III, 1), c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eabn c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u gia nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn l\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng ng\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c phong b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng, thi\u1ebfu cam k\u1ebft v\u1eefng \u1ed5n, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m, gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 ti, thi\u1ebfu can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m, g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n, ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0: t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p, m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

18. Do \u0111\u00f3, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, hy v\u1ecdng xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00e2m linh, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn qua c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ecf nhoi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

19. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00ec gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 v\u0169 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n suy t\u01b0 c\u00f3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u1ea3 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u1eefa. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng: t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNEETs\u201d) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

20. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac (remedial) c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, trong khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng: ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p h\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

21. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc: nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft, “C\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean khu\u00f4n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1eefa \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 1). U\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: \u00abCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh\u00bb ( GMTH\u0110 1).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n

22. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sang \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (82,7%), v\u00ec n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (89,7%). Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh (80,4%) v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

23. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m tr\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cao. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong khi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta di c\u01b0 sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng theo n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n th\u1ea5m nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c ho\u00e0i mong c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed c\u1ea1nh tranh cao, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1eabn tin vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u00abkh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 3), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ra sao (xem GMTH\u0110 3). Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o <\/strong><\/p>\n

24. T\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn l\u00ean: \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1, trong khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u00fac kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o. <\/em><\/strong>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u1ee9c tin nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, trong khi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c (t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i, vv) \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, trong khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a (c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (\u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5); \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

25. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadn Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb, \u00abm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin (v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u00edt h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i) l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111au l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, do nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn lao n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh, c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn l\u1eabn \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y\u00bb. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1eefa: \u201cS\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u2018nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c\u2019, thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang khi, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3m h\u0129nh; v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, thay v\u00ec cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn\u00bb.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II: C\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/p>\n

26. Nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o; tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea5u tranh m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0 khinh mi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tri th\u1ee9c: theo c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi ch\u00fang n\u1ea3y sinh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean: t\u00ednh \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb coi nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf duy t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft c\u0103n t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ng\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ta bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ta c\u1ed1 \u00fd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c sao cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

27. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, qua vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/em><\/strong> Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ecd, t\u00ednh l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 can d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tham gia m\u1edbi v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee7 vai ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ebdo \u0111\u1ebdo theo \u0111u\u00f4i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

28. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i xem ra c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u201cnh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n\u201d (dicothomic)<\/em><\/strong>, khi \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd: v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (folds of history) b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed1t h\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 u\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh theo th\u1ebf gian h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tin M\u1eebng linh h\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

29. Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00ecnh c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u00e2m linh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m linh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m linh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (theo ngh\u0129a thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o) (xem GMTH\u0110 7). T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh – v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u2013 c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng suy t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (xem GMTH\u0110 5).<\/p>\n

30. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu,<\/em><\/strong> nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n sinh n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 xa c\u00e1ch). Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sai v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i kh\u1ecfi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u00e0o trong con m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (xem GMTH\u0110 6). Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u00ed t\u00edch bi\u1ebft l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

31. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/strong> C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau; ngay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tuy kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng theo Tin M\u1eebng c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00bb( GMTH\u0110 7). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 – v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 – m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, ngay c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C.<\/p>\n

32. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb cho ra r\u00eca, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb.<\/em><\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung, nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tu h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 lui t\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, trong c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi, trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ca h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh d\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t qu\u1ed1c gia, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c, NG\u00c0Y GI\u1edaI TR\u1eba TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb b\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u00abc\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u00bb.<\/p>\n

33. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ed1n q\u00fay trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf n\u00e0y xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi t\u00e1c phong \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean: \u00abTrong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 7). \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

34. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. <\/em><\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG: “Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. Vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd chung hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 4).<\/p>\n

35. Trang m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, thao t\u00fang, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan l\u00e0 “trang m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m”. <\/em><\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y: \u00abTuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean khi n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u. M\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, l\u1ebb loi v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1m \u1ea3nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd [\u2026]. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i\u00bb<\/em><\/strong> (GMTH\u0110 4). Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn n\u00f3i chung \u00edt khi hi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t “k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp”, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac b\u1ecb h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 ma qu\u00e1i.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

36. Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00edt khi c\u1ecbu th\u0103m d\u00f2 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, d\u00f9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c chung chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi can d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd; n\u00f3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lui t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thao t\u00fang b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh doanh, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

37. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb n\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c mang h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau: nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a (totalizing): gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh, nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ec3 l\u00fd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng do vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng phi b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb h\u00f3a (depersonalizing). \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng trang c\u00f9ng l\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: t\u1eeb t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 li\u00ean ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

38. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb: h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, l\u00e0m phim, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, khi\u00eau v\u0169, s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ecda h\u00ecnh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng, vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng… Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, v\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 thao<\/strong><\/p>\n

39. Th\u1ec3 thao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, trong \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 coi th\u1ec3 thao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (xem Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 “Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai. M\u1ed9t \u0110am M\u00ea \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi” <\/em>Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2015). C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia tin r\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cth\u1ec3 thao h\u00f3a\u201d, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hoa m\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao, m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1edd c\u1ea3 gian l\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ean h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean thua tr\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

40. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 thao kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh doanh v\u00e0 thao t\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p (d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch, hi\u1ec7n nay qu\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0, ho\u1eb7c tham nh\u0169ng); c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 thao. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y qua b\u00ean l\u1ec1, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ebf v\u1eadn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (paralympic).<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III: Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf <\/strong><\/p>\n

41. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. C\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra sao, trong \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e1c phong qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u201cv\u1ee9t b\u1ecf\u201d ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111ang gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp tay cho lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c phong v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

42. Qua Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn trong c\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i l\u00ean ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u201cb\u1ecb v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf\u201d: h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, trong khi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00edch chung, trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, qua \u0111\u00f3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 g\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1eddng (xem Tv 118: 22; Lc 20:17; Cv 4,11; 1Proverbs 2:4<\/span>).<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/strong><\/p>\n

43. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ngoa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi th\u1ea3m<\/em><\/strong>. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u00abnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb chu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea, ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u00f3\u00bb (\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh, 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2014). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u00abK\u1ebft c\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qu\u00e1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt do nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c hy v\u1ecdng n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 3).<\/p>\n

44. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd:<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng khai b\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c – th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t – bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c mu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u00abS\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. <\/em><\/strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u00bb(GMTH\u0110 4).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c di d\u00e2n tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

45. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n l\u1edbn di d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd di d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u00abNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i di d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/em><\/strong>. H\u1ecd hy v\u1ecdng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi “huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y”, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 3); h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u201cs\u1ee3 v\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 1), v\u00e0 \u00abm\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 chung tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 3).<\/p>\n

46. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i khi \u0111ang \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i trung h\u1ecdc, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (xem \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y Di D\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2017. C\u00e1c di d\u00e2n tr\u1ebb em, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2016). Nhi\u1ec1u em c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 em, theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong l\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u1ecfng. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c di d\u00e2n tr\u1ebb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn lao v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u0103n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

47. Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, vi\u1ec7c di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/strong> M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u2013 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao, nh\u01b0ng d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129: \u201cV\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 2). C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb di d\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn tranh hay b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00abb\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c hy v\u1ecdng\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 3).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

48. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00ec gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. <\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u00abCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 2). C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng y h\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C. Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb, c\u1ea3 \u1edf trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 5). V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh “\u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i?\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 5), v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00abGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 5). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i l\u01b0ng cho b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng duy th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1ed9 (xem GMTH\u0110 2).<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb<\/strong><\/p>\n

49. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. H\u1ecd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tay ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n t\u00e2m l\u00fd, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, do c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u xa ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1ef1 t\u1eed l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong trong nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 44.<\/p>\n

50. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lan tr\u00e0n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp trong gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb – v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb – (c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ghi\u1ec1n Internet, v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u00eau d\u00e2m, v.v.) , c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng t\u00e1c phong sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c nhau (b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c).<\/em><\/strong> Theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chi\u1ec1u theo th\u00f3i h\u01b0, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb: \u00abC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 trang b\u1ecb ma t\u00fay ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ee9t \u0111i! \u00bb (Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh, 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2014). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tham gia c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y m\u1ecfng manh xi\u1ebft bao, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. Y h\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9. X\u00e9t v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c giam gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u00edt g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd c\u1ed9t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng lao l\u00fd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m cao ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c giam gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng do thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb m\u00e0 ra.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV: C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

51. C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. H\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh ch\u1eebng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, coi nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t “s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a” (metamorphosis) th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n X\u00e1c, C\u1ea3m Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 T\u00ednh D\u1ee5c <\/strong><\/p>\n

52. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c (corporeality) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/em><\/strong> Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c – v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 giao \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a – lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e2n hoan v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong cyborg (n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eeda m\u00e1y), l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ta n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c s\u1edbm s\u1ee7a, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u00eau d\u00e2m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c tr\u00ean tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 du l\u1ecbch t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

53. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin,<\/em><\/strong> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u00abv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb\u00bb. Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0 \u00abng\u1eeba thai, ph\u00e1 thai, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, s\u1ed1ng chung, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 5) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i ra sao b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, c\u1ea3 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n vui v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00abgi\u1eef v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edn l\u00fd d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y h\u01a1n\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 5). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. <\/em><\/strong>Do \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u201cn\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eang c\u1eef chi\u201d (GMTH\u0110 11).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

54. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1c tin gi\u1ea3\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em><\/strong> qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 v\u1edbi tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “sau s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, \u00abtrong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u00bb.<\/p>\n

55. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y cho th\u1ee9 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed tr\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u00e2u \u201cCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u00f3m th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi\u201d (GMTH\u0110 11), m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gian, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i . \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng duy nh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/em><\/strong> S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng tin m\u1eebng, v\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh nghi v\u1ea5n\u201d (GMTH\u0110 15).<\/p>\n

56. H\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng cung \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn (xem GE 115).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

57. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ta th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ta. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u00edt h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

58. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1eadm nguy: t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt hikikomori v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/em><\/strong>. M\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u00fat v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 du d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i hay c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u00eau d\u00e2m l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng song song m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m: m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sai l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u1ea3o v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m: m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, m\u1ea5t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung do vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh g\u00e2y ra. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i n\u1eefa\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 4).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tham gia m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

59. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00e0o ch\u00fang, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb (16,7%) tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1ng tin, \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh do vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e0n lan tham nh\u0169ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edch chung v\u00e0 khi ai \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e1m b\u1eaft ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao tham nh\u0169ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ecdai n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

60. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t hy v\u1ecdng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, khi n\u00f3 m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau cho vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 ho\u00e0i nghi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ea3 \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

T\u00ea li\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

61. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t chung v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a do d\u1ef1\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, coi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c k\u00ecm h\u00e3m \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, theo tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cnh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a\u201d, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang.<\/em><\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh cho L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa; c\u00f3 khi, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c x\u00e1c t\u00edn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

62. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t an c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trung v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ebft h\u00f4n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 sai. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean kia vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

63. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. <\/em><\/strong>Theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 \u201cs\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang\u201d hay nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c suy gi\u1ea3m \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng “l\u1ecfng” h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadn Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb, c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00abtrong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh\u00bb. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (immanent), nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u00ecm \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm linh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ebfm khi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d.<\/em><\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t duy truy\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb: tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn qua c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7m \u00fd trong l\u00fac nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V: L\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb <\/strong><\/p>\n

64. Quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u00abC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc q\u00fay v\u1ecb?\u00bb kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. Trong B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a l\u1ecdc chi c\u1ea3. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham gia B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf n\u01a1i h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, chia s\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/em><\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb\u201d (GMTH\u0110, Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em>). Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1eafng nghe<\/strong><\/p>\n

65. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb, \u00abtrong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed\u00bb (CHTT) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng cho th\u1ea5y: l\u1eafng nghe l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u00edch, c\u1ea3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1eabn gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00abGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m\u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab\u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac\u00bb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, theo m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C kh\u00e1c, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u00ab\u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\u00bb. C\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng \u00ab\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 7). \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do g\u00e2y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe; \u00abGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 1).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u01af\u1edbc mong m\u1ed9t \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

66. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb duy t\u1ee5c cao, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd minh nhi\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c h\u1ecd, v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 khinh th\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh: c\u00e1c tai ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00abti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 11); vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean th\u1ee5 phong, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm b\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng; vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu; s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

67. D\u00f9 h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, trong c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng nh\u1edd g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng co d\u00e3n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/strong> M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ban c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng\u00bb! T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: \u00abNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay khao kh\u00e1t m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh b\u1ea1ch, ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, trung th\u1ef1c, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi, bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 11).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

68. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan: r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00ab\u00edt t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u01a1n\u00bb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00abch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00bb, m\u1ed9t \u00ab Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u00bb<\/em><\/strong>, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00ab m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, l\u1eafng nghe, tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp\u00bb. C\u0169ng theo cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u201cch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gia t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (GMTH\u0110 1).<\/p>\n

69. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eebng tham gia nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i,<\/em><\/strong> trong khi n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00abvi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Nhi\u1ec7m Th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 7); h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng.<\/em><\/strong> \u00abNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m vui, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 7), nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u xem ra c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n giao.<\/p>\n

70. M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta,<\/em><\/strong> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e2m h\u1eadu h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c: \u00abTrong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u00f4n, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khai tri\u1ec3n chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 2).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201cCam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

71. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i bao quanh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.<\/em><\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f3c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau: th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u01a1n, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u00e0 \u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 , kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u1eefa. \u00abGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00ean c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 14).<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u00e0 tu s\u1ef9 nam n\u1eef tr\u1ebb <\/strong><\/p>\n

72. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng sinh, v\u00e0 tu s\u1ef9 nam n\u1eef tr\u1ebb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean ni\u1ec1m vui l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta theo ba h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 huynh \u0111\u1ec7: ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u1eb7ng \u00f3c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 huynh \u0111\u1ec7, xoay quanh c\u00e1c d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn chung<\/em><\/strong>. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7\u201d, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 linh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf trung t\u00e2m.<\/em><\/strong> \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t d\u1eabn t\u1edbi si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t; \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm\u201d, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u00e9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 coi ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00ean tri.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong b\u1ecb li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm an to\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,<\/em><\/strong> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N II: Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e2n \u01a0n G\u1ecdi <\/strong><\/p>\n

73. Trong Ph\u1ea7n II, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong Ph\u1ea7n I. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i: \u00ab\u0110\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c cho ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lay \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00bb (\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, L\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng Gi\u00e1ng sinh v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Tri\u1ec1u R\u00f4ma<\/em>, 21\/12\/2017).<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I: \u01a0n Ph\u00fac Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

74. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb<\/em><\/strong>, m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh kinh, v\u00ec L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/em><\/strong> Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u00abtu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00bb, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5i s\u00e1ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00abtr\u1ebb trung h\u00f3a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00bb (C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean nam n\u1eef<\/em>), v\u00ec Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00abc\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb trung \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u00bb (\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em>, 2).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, “m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb”<\/strong><\/p>\n

75. Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea th\u00e0nh Lyons gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, khi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00abCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf hay b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3i b\u1ecf n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai nh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa – tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, c\u00e1c ch\u00e0ng trai, thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh; tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 cho c\u00e1c em b\u00e9, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c em \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c em; tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean cho c\u00e1c thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a h\u1ecd cho Ch\u00faa \u00bb (Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c Gi\u00e1o, II, 22,4). Do \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb\u201d, v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Emmau (xem Lc 24: 13-35). Ng\u00e0y nay, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o (xem Ga 10:10).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

76. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u00abtin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n!\u00bb. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ra th\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui: \u201cH\u1ee1i nh\u1eefng ai tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1i tim c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e2n hoan trong th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trung\u201d (Gv 11: 9; xem Kn 2: 6) )<\/em><\/strong>. M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh h\u00e2n hoan \u1edf trong tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ec3 l\u00fd v\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c trong m\u1ecdi n\u00e9t r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 sung m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i mu\u00f4n thu v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhi\u1ec5m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u00abhy v\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00bb (1Cr 13: 7), v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i (xem Mc 16: 6). To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Di\u1ec5m Ca c\u1eed h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhau v\u00e0 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y \u01a1n g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui qua t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i (xem 2Cr 1:24).<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong><\/p>\n

77. \u00abVinh quang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00bb (Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n 20:29). Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng:<\/em><\/strong> th\u1eddi gian n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. Trong nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh Kinh Giosu\u00ea, ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4s\u00ea t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c \u00abh\u00e3y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m\u00bb, c\u1ea3 b\u1edfi M\u00f4s\u00ea (\u0110nl 31: 7,23) l\u1eabn b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Gs 1: 6,7,9).<\/em><\/strong> Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i mong mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ecf c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Gioan: \u00abT\u00f4i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho anh em, h\u1ee1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, v\u00ec anh em m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ed1ng trong anh em, v\u00e0 anh em \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng th\u1ea7n \u00e1c\u00bb (1Galatians 2:14<\/span>)<\/em><\/strong>. Trong ph\u1ea7n I, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, sa v\u00e0o s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed. Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb l\u1eddi m\u00ecnh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 thu m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/p>\n

78. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 th\u1eddi nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/em><\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, trong khi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00f9 h\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c tung ho\u00e0nh? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean tri Gi\u00ear\u00eamia, khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00ean tri c\u00e1c d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa: \u00ab\u00d4i, Ch\u00faa \u01a1i! N\u00e0y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, v\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u00bb(Gi\u00ear\u00eamia 1: 6). \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng, m\u00e0 qua \u01a1n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd \u0111em ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00f5i hi\u1ec7n sinh mong manh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i mang theo s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn lao m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh cho ta<\/em><\/strong>. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u khao kh\u00e1t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Gi\u00ear\u00eamia ch\u1ec9 thanh th\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i khi ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u00f4ng: \u00ab\u0110\u1eebng s\u1ee3 h\u1ecd, v\u00ec Ta \u1edf c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d (Gi\u00ear\u00eamia 1: 8). Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean h\u1ecd (xem Isaiah 49:15-16<\/span>).<\/p>\n

Sa ng\u00e3, \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

79. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111am m\u00ea b\u1ea5t kham v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n.<\/em><\/strong> S\u1ef1 \u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong Tin M\u1eebng, k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai v\u00e0 l\u00e0 anh em, l\u00e0 d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n “ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t”,<\/em><\/strong> nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ra ngo\u00e0i hai l\u1ea7n” (xem Lc 15: 11-32): l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ee9a con trai th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kham, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0111\u1ee9a con trai tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1edd v\u00e0 t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, tr\u1edf v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eebng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c em trai m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn\u201d \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd v\u00e0, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha can \u0111\u1ea3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh <\/strong><\/p>\n

80. Trong T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gioan v\u00e0 Maria m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n sinh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

81. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh ng\u1ecf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u1ecf v\u1edbi Samuen (xem 1Sm 3: 1-21). \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. <\/em><\/strong>So v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m: ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u201cnh\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u\u201d (Dt 5:14). Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m \u00fd trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Eli m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p Samuen gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1eddi l\u1ebd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/em><\/strong> V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng nhau x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (xem Gioen 3: 1), do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh li\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

82. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i theo. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u00abl\u00e0m m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 mang l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t\u00bb <\/em><\/strong>(DC 1; EG 7). Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 theo l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Khi h\u1ecd l\u1edbn l\u00ean, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u trong cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng, mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1eebng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi xin cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 sinh hoa tr\u00e1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

83. Vua tr\u1ebb Solomon, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00abm\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\u00bb (1V 3: 9). V\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin n\u00e0y: \u00abB\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 xin cho ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, n\u00e0y, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Ta l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi xin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u00bb (1V 3: 11-12).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb\u201d ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3<\/em><\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft xin \u01a1n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ebb Esther soi s\u00e1ng ta v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n (xem Et 4:16), b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m li\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m tr\u1ebb trung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y n\u1eef t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

84. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ebb trung, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Th\u1eddi ta, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp thu h\u01a1n, lo\u1ea1i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t \u00edt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0?
\nV\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1eefu \u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 (xem Matthew 19:16-22<\/span>; Mc 10: 17-22; Lc 10: 25-28). <\/em><\/strong>\u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y V\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh Nadar\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean, m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00eam c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean, khi anh ta h\u1ecfi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u00abT\u00f4i c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?\u00bb; \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a anh. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a anh, nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m r\u1ed7ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u00bb(Ga 14: 6).<\/em><\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, qua m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean l\u00ean khu\u00f4n l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh r\u1ee7i ro, m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c khi\u00eau kh\u00edch nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 y\u00eau m\u00ecnh th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u1eddi ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u t\u01b0 duy th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh m\u1ed9t khi anh b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh m\u1eaft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh: \u00abCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u00ecn anh ta v\u00e0 y\u00eau anh ta. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i “Anh c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u. H\u00e3y \u0111i, b\u00e1n h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 anh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 anh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn, theo t\u00f4i\u00bb (Mc 10:21).<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II: \u01a0n g\u1ecdi trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/strong><\/p>\n

85. Trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,<\/em><\/strong> trong m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 3). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. L\u01b0u t\u00e2m t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u00abt\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 8). T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cho r\u1eb1ng \u00abm\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, l\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u00bb.<\/p>\n

86. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u201ch\u1eb9p h\u00f2i\u201d n\u00e0y v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1eeba qua, trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00abh\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00bb v\u00e0 \u00abquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00bb (AL 72), ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201ctuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng\u201d c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chung n\u00e0y, ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho \u201cvi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

87. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 (xem LG 3.13; GS 19.32)<\/em><\/strong>, l\u1eabn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u00ean th\u00e1nh (xem LG 39) -42), \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y: c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n (xem LG 31), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (xem LG 35; GS 48.49.52). Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i suy c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u1ed1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m cho th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/strong><\/p>\n

88. Khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng qua Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (xem Colossians 1:16<\/span>), Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i ngay trong h\u00e0nh vi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef. N\u1ebfu Ch\u00e2n Ph\u00fac Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u00abm\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00bb (PP 15), th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i: Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u00abk\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00bb (VD 77). Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc \u01a1n g\u1ecdi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong th\u1eddi gian G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (xem GMTH\u0110 8).<\/p>\n

Ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta<\/strong><\/p>\n

89. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb: n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 ri\u00eang m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c”, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi”.<\/em><\/strong> S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ch\u00fang ta, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/strong><\/p>\n

90. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1i d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ed1i y\u00eau m\u00ecnh th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh can d\u1ef1, qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ed1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t cho nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a lu\u00f4n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n sinh ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng.<\/em><\/strong> Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m vui ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng (gia \u0111\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, cam k\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1).<\/p>\n

\u01a0n g\u1ecdi theo Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/strong><\/p>\n

91. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Kit\u00f4 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u: \u00abS\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng [\u2026]Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, A\u0111am m\u1edbi, trong khi m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ecf cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00bb(GS 22). Trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta “\u0111i v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u” (xem Lc 5: 4) v\u00e0 m\u1edf l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh ra cho nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi th\u0103m th\u1eb3m ch\u00ednh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f2 th\u1ea5u, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u01a0n g\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda<\/strong><\/p>\n

92. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Tin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (xem Ga l: 36-39), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb, l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y. N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 khi ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7y. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m ch\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n m\u1edf \u0111\u00f3ng, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft. Ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9c tin, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, \u2018th\u1ea5y\u2019 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi do l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1edf ra\u00bb (LF 9).<\/p>\n

93. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, v\u00ec b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m con c\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ta trong ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda, (xem Romans 6:4-5; 8:14-16<\/span>), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ta ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/em><\/strong>, \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u00ab\u0111\u00e3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m vui d\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 cam ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, ch\u1eb3ng n\u1ec1 chi \u00f4 nh\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 nay \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 b\u00ean h\u1eefu ngai Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00bb (Dt 12: 2). Do \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn mang \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ecdn theo Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u01a0n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n

94. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3:<\/em><\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai h\u1ecd \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n xua tr\u1eeb ma qu\u1ef7 (xem Mc 3:14). -15; Lc 6:13), th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c h\u1ecd ch\u0103n d\u1eaft \u0111\u00e0n chi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (xem Ga 21: 15-19); t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, \u00abm\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ri\u00eang ra v\u00ec Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00bb (Romans 1:1<\/span>; xem 1Cr 1: 1). Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau b\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u1edf trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f4i khi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e8m theo v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ban cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

95. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u “c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi” \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh “\u01a1n g\u1ecdi” c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ecclesia \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7,<\/em><\/strong> c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp (xem 1Cr 1:26; PDV 34). Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ban cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u01a1n th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i: v\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf L\u00eavi \u00abh\u00e3y theo t\u00f4i\u00bb, bi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (Mc 2:14), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab\u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u00bb (Mc 2:17).<\/p>\n

\u01a0n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

96. \u01a0n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 loan b\u00e1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng “xin v\u00e2ng” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Con th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra. \u201cNguy\u00ean l\u00fd Maria\u201d \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1eeba t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

97. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sai \u0111i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i,<\/em><\/strong> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c \u0111a di\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Gi\u00easu, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

98. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i; ng\u00e0i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u chi th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i chi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ra sao trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, theo Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, l\u00e0 trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i. <\/em><\/strong>Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4rint\u00f4: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d(1Cr 12: 4-6).<\/p>\n

99. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m hay hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng do ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ph\u00fac ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (xem CL 55; VC 31). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 Iuvenescit Ecclesia <\/em>g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, cung c\u1ea5p cho ta c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n \u01a1n th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng kh\u01a1i l\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb trung h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/p>\n

100. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, \u00abn\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, do ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi.<\/em><\/strong> [\u2026] Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00bb (Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201cTh\u1eeba T\u00e1c V\u1ee5 \u01a0n G\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh Hi\u1ebfn: C\u00e1c Tri\u1ec3n V\u1ecdng v\u00e0 Hy V\u1ecdng <\/em>\u201d, 25\/11\/2017) .<\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

101. Hai Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 T\u00f4ng Hu\u1ea5n Amoris Laetitia<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb cho Tin M\u1eebng, b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00fac c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u1ebb xem ra l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n tham d\u1ef1 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m trong con s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n chi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn <\/strong><\/p>\n

    103. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed “b\u1ec7nh t\u00ea li\u1ec7t th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng” (\u201cparalysis of normality\u201d) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u01a1n th\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng s\u1ee9c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00fac \u00e2m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh, ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o N\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb c\u00e1c n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng duy ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 duy th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

    Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    104. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u b\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u01a1n g\u1ecdi,<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

    T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    105. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0o. X\u00e9t v\u00ec con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n <\/strong><\/p>\n

    106. Trong cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: \u201cH\u00f4m nay, gi\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i . Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i do d\u1ef1, m\u1ea5t h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng. <\/em><\/strong>[\u2026] T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, khi t\u00f4i \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng n\u00e0y \u00bb. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb: \u00abNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u2018\u00dd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 5). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1: t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc sang c\u1ea3m quan th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao v\u1eddi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111ua tranh kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 may cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, cho d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd: \u00abNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ra sao; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 may \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u201d (GMTH\u0110 9). \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: \u201cV\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i\u00bb<\/em><\/strong> (\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em>, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1 2).<\/p>\n

    Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    107. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, v\u00ec h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn: \u201cVi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 9).<\/p>\n

    108. Th\u1ef1c ra, h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nhau. Theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra; \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau: \u00abTh\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhau (DP II, 2).<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    109. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n chung cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0: \u00abT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sao? V\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00bb (\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em>, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1 2). Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00abm\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai\u00bb ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u (DP 2), cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn h\u1ecd t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha c\u0169ng n\u00eau b\u1eadt vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n m\u00e0, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ta tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ni\u1ec1m vui (xem Matthew 13:44-46<\/span>). H\u00e3y tin ch\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c con; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u00e1c con v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c con. V\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c con \u00bb (\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n V\u0103n t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em>, 2).<\/p>\n

    110. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu tr\u1ebb, vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u m\u1edbi, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i ki\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa:<\/em><\/strong> do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham gia, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho Tin M\u1eebng. Do \u0111\u00f3, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c theo \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, l\u00e0m linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn). Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

    111. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u1ed9t khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i theo th\u1eddi gian, song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/em><\/strong> Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng: \u00abN\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n theo Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u00f3 m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra th\u1eddi kh\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, k\u1ebbo ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a \u01a1n th\u00e1nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u00bb (GE 169). S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ta s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    112. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin: Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong ta – trong \u201ctr\u00e1i tim\u201d, Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i th\u1ebf; trong “l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m”, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i th\u1ebf – c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 minh nhi\u00ean tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng, qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m quan v\u00e0 mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, do c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng g\u1ee3i l\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ba “b\u01b0\u1edbc” c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra trong Ni\u1ec1m Vui Tin M\u1eebng <\/em>s\u1ed1 51, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong n\u00e0y: Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a.<\/em><\/p>\n

    113. Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean” cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m quan c\u00f3 trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean che gi\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u00abC\u1edfi m\u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m quan kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee5y trang. C\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [\u0111\u01b0a] v\u00e0o bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n\u00bb (G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em>, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1 2). Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau (gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, vv), m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 qua c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u, anh ta ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecb ta m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y “m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch” (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: \u00ab go\u00fbt \u00bb) m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n? Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau: ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ham mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1edbi “ni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng” kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00fac \u00e9p n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

    114. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/em><\/strong> Nh\u01b0 T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, \u00abtr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m quan kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau\u00bb (DP II, 4). Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mi\u1ec5n ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi, tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    115. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u00fat c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn: \u00abD\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian trong im l\u1eb7ng, n\u1ed9i suy v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u00e2m h\u1eadu h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh. C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Tham gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, phong tr\u00e0o l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 9). M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh”, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/em>. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y cho m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u00abTrong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta, t\u00f4i xin m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua ‘vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh’ th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y” (GE 169). B\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh mong mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra: “Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap h\u1ecd n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00bb.<\/p>\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta<\/strong><\/p>\n

    116. L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta, \u00abn\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c!), n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m\u00bb. Trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u201cc\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft l\u00fd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (AL 303), th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cho th\u1ea5y, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ee7. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m hay t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta:<\/em><\/strong> xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng nh\u1eefng qu\u00e0 ph\u00fac n\u00e0o, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0o, c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

    117. Nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u00ab c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 cung th\u00e1nh m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vang v\u1ecdng trong th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u linh h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd \u00bb (GS 16).<\/em><\/strong> Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y, xem ra \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0: vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t: n\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng n\u00f3. Nh\u1edd tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qui ph\u1ea1m. S\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh modus operandi <\/em>(c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa: ch\u00ednh trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong V\u01b0\u1eddn Di\u1ec7tsimani. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qui ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

    118. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: \u00abNhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em><\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng trang \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a, khung c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, vv…\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 9). Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: alt\u00e9rit\u00e9) \u0111i qua ch\u00fang ta – v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m trong tr\u00e1i tim m\u00ecnh: nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d<\/em> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ecdi th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau ph\u00e0m nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadp th\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u1edf c\u1eeda d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 tu (ascesis) , m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    119. D\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u00edch, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u00ecnh ho\u00e3n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ck\u00ecm h\u00e3m\u201d \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u00e0y nay, ho\u1eb7c do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u01a1 may th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u00f4i khi r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khi ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cv\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng\u201d l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o hay m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7n sinh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh v\u0129nh c\u1eedu m\u00e0 h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n mang trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y khi\u1ebfn ta d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u cam k\u1ebft – bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 cam k\u1ebft t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u2013 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV: Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

    120. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ra sao trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i “\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh” nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

    121. \u00abM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00bb<\/em> (DP III, 2). \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 do, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u00fd ngh\u0129a. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u1eb5n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i th\u1eed, sai th\u00ec l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    122. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u201cr\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i\u201d<\/em> (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, l\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau); \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u201cluy\u1ec7n thi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u201d (Christian coaching). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng; c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111an xen nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u01a1i n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham gia v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/strong><\/p>\n

    123. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u01b0u tuy\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi.<\/em><\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 may \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (xem EG 169-174). Trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cha v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2m h\u1eadu h\u00f3a v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

    124. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, d\u00ecu d\u1eaft, d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m, vv Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, ta c\u1ea7n th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u00ednh b\u1ed5 t\u00fac gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

    125. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, \u00abs\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay lu\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u0103n.<\/em><\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ch\u00fang \u00bb (GE 170). C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd hay t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t khoa, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 hai t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00ec nh\u1eafm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi<\/em>. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m (empathy), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n trong khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 t\u00edn th\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m vui Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 cao qu\u00ed trong c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 B\u00ed t\u00edch H\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

    126. \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Th\u00f3i quen, qua \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eafp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh b\u00ed t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00fang ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3” c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i; tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong b\u00ed t\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

    127. C\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, theo ngh\u0129a chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang hay theo ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y<\/em>: cha m\u1eb9 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e0ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean th\u1ee5 phong. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, khi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf hay ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c tan v\u1ee1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00abc\u00e1c m\u00e1ng chuy\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb”; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o d\u1ecbp k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

    Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n hay gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean th\u1ec3 thao, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t (nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf) ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p (b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v.v.). D\u00f9 trong c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u00eang li\u00eang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

    128. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u00fa \u00fd. S\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh tham nh\u0169ng lan tr\u00e0n, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gia t\u0103ng, khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C. Xem ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m hay n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed3i ngon cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn thao t\u00fang. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00ean tri trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

    129. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng im l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n qua ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 trong ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, nh\u1edd m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng chung h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, \u00abkh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n (theologal), huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 sinh \u00edch. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u00e1t sinh \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y\u00bb.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

    130. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mang trong m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf trong h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qua ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc – \u0111\u00f2i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0, sau c\u00f9ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 can d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch g\u00e2y ra cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lan r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    131. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, khi \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3: \u00abNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u […] c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y ni\u1ec1m tin; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong khi c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00bb. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ra sao trong vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, \u00abnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ban cho h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac\u00bb (GMTH\u0110, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1 2).<\/p>\n

    132. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c H\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh: \u00abm\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trung th\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m giao kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t; t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c; y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa; th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u201d \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 10). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn ra nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201c\u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 cao, v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d (GMTH\u0110 10). H\u1ecd c\u0169ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd n\u00ean t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh n\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd n\u00ean nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mong ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hoa tr\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 10).<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

    133. \u00ab\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\u00bb (RFIS 44) c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng: c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t cho t\u1ef1 do trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd: g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng tin \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh; kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean th\u1ee5 phong hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn nam n\u1eef. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 theo \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    134. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1eddi nay c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m h\u1eadu h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 khan; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00e2m l\u00fd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1eefu \u00edch. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean kh\u1ecfi l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap h\u1ecd b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecd \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua, d\u00f9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 mong ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ch\u00faa di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

    135. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u1eddi ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb thi\u1ebft tha mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a hay h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    136. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i, phong tr\u00e0o, vv). \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n coi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    PH\u1ea6N III: CH\u1eccN L\u1ef0A: C\u00c1C N\u1ebaO \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG H\u1ed2I T\u00c2M M\u1ee4C V\u1ee4 V\u00c0 TRUY\u1ec0N GI\u00c1O <\/strong><\/p>\n

    137. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Ph\u1ea7n II, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb: gi\u00fap h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ch\u00faa, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em><\/strong> Trong t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, trong khi cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, qua n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I: M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    138. Khi g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00abl\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh tr\u1ebb trung \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. [\u2026] C\u1ea3 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u00bb (Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG<\/em>, 3). M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00bb<\/em><\/strong>. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C kh\u00e1c, khi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i canh t\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i chung, li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i “Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i” \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed thi h\u00e0nh h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00bb. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i \u00abm\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, thanh t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb\u00bb (EG 30) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin (fideli sensus fidelium<\/em>).<\/p>\n

    139. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, \u201cch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 xong (once and for all), m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mong ch\u1edd vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb coi l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn, tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh modus operandi <\/em>(ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng) c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o<\/em>. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n g\u1ee3i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    140. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi nhau\u201d, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa trong c\u0103n t\u00ednh \u201cd\u00e2n Ch\u00faa\u201d, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a x\u00e9 n\u00e1t<\/em>. T\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u00abl\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi r\u0103n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta (xem Ga 13:34). C\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00bb (LG 9). Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u00abnh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00bb (EG 115). Trong d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u00abmang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac phong ph\u00fa, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u00bb (EG 117). C\u0103n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n \u00abl\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m\u00bb (EG 49), nh\u01b0ng khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng mong mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh men b\u1ed9t th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 “bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

    Trong t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0m phong th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh – c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa h\u1ecd c\u00f3 chung v\u1edbi nhau (xem EG 236). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng theo ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y, d\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i sinh s\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    141. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i thi h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho m\u00ecnh, theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean (etymologically), t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (ti\u1ebfng Latinh, l\u00e0 augeo<\/em>, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef auctor<\/em> [t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3] v\u00e0 auctoritas<\/em>[th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n]) trong t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o D\u1ef1ng v\u1ed1n quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang c\u00f3. Thi h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ebft bay nh\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u00f9m tr\u00f3i h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    142. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u201cn\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y\u201d. Vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra phong th\u00e1i m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang ng\u1ecf c\u00f9ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 huynh s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft con c\u00e1i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho kho b\u00e1u m\u00ecnh gi\u1eef b\u00ean trong, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng ( xem 2Cr 4: 7). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf (xem GMTH\u0110 1.7.10).<\/p>\n

    143. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd xa l\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sinh hoa tr\u00e1i: t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ai \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II: V\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/strong><\/p>\n

    144. L\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u00ab\u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i, xem x\u00e9t, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u00bb (DP III, 1.3), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi – v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi – nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 may c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 li\u00ean ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, vv) l\u00e0m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c mong \u01b0\u1edbc, \u00fd ngh\u0129, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    145. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c m\u1ecfng d\u00f2n n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9i, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ta khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng q\u00fay gi\u00e1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc \u0103n nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

    146. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh – n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t- tuy kh\u00f4ng minh nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf cho gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng lui t\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y: \u201cC\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u00bb (GMTH\u0110 13). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n hoc h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    147. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi tham chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a sinh th\u00e1i\u201d (xem LS 111). Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n, l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi; ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 tham gia cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng; ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u00e2m linh trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u0103n h\u00f3a; ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00edch chung cho c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

    148. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u00ean gia n\u00e0o tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi: h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ed9i dung, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1edfi di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m cha v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    T\u00ednh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    149. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/em><\/strong>. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00f3i, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng \u00ab\u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u00bb (Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 “Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai. M\u1ed9t Ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d, <\/em>ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2015). Vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi.<\/p>\n

    150. \u0110\u1ec3 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh xem c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft coi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7; h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra \u00abc\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi\u00bb v\u00e0 \u00abbao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi cho th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u00bb(H\u1ed9i Ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha<\/em>, 26\/10\/2017).<\/p>\n

    151. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n khoa, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i – v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o – \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng: chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m t\u00edn l\u00fd s\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n (kerygma) v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n sinh; m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n; t\u00ednh li\u00ean khoa (interdisciplinarity) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u201ck\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng\u201d (networking)(xem VG 4).<\/p>\n

    N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/strong><\/p>\n

    T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    152. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u0103n nh\u00e0 chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c (reductionisms) hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb [technocratic], vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ng\u1eabu th\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, v.v.). Laudato Si\u2019<\/em>m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh lang c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 t\u00ednh l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi d\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u00f3, trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo.<\/p>\n

    153. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00fd l\u1ebd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta, \u00abm\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sinh th\u00e1i. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00bb(LS 214).<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

    154. C\u00e1c di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cK\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 4.0\u201d, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Trong m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    155. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 vi\u1ec7c khai tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi t\u1eebng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tham gia vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kinh doanh do ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, sao cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “sinh s\u1ea3n” theo ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II: B\u00ean trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u0103n h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    156. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, sinh th\u00e1i, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb), v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u0103n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00edt tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n<\/em><\/strong>. S\u1ef1 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang. D\u00f9 sao, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u00edch chung m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

    157. Qua s\u1ef1 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1, v\u00e0 (t\u00e1i) kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111ang du nh\u1eadp, ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ecd tham gia, nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng trang \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o; cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean; cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u2013 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng (xem GMTH\u0110 3) – v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n; t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u00e1nh trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, bi\u1ebft t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    158. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb. C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u00abGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 sinh t\u1eed trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 5), cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n. C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    159. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ho\u1eb7c thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00edch nh\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n v\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean tai, vv). Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian, mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, n\u0103m ngh\u1ec9 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc [gap year], n\u0103m t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, vv); nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (xem GMTH\u0110 15). Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 coi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, hay mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

    H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

    160. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/em><\/strong>. Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y: \u00ab\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u1edd d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00ean th\u00e2m h\u1eadu h\u00f3a c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong khi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00ean xem k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 internet<\/em> – nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m H\u00f3a. [\u2026] Th\u1ee9 hai, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u00eau d\u00e2m kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hi\u1ec7n nay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean li\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t tr\u00ean tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra cho nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d(GMTH\u0110 4).<\/p>\n

    161. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Internet nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c<\/em><\/strong>. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u1eddi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (digital natives) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u1ea3o tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng tra v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t phong th\u00e1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

    \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng nh\u1eadn c\u0103n t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n

    162. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh<\/em><\/strong>. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ca h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh ca Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, hay c\u00e1c ca \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00fac \u00e2m). D\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m (recollection) v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe b\u00ean trong<\/em><\/strong>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n, nh\u1edd \u00ab\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao\u00bb.<\/p>\n

    163. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn: c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao. Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 thi \u0111ua<\/strong><\/p>\n

    164. Xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng xi\u1ebft bao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/em><\/strong>. S\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00f3m v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p (fairplay) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n hy sinh, h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1, ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea, \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ec3 thao tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c x\u00fac c\u1ea3m; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi \u0111ua l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 mong mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0o – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u2013 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 v\u0169 vi\u1ec7c \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111ua tranh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a <\/strong><\/p>\n

    165. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, trong th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 chung v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00ecu d\u1eaft (mentor) cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a hay c\u00e1c em nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau (communality), chia s\u1ebb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng trang l\u1ee9a v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, ch\u00fang h\u1eefu \u00edch khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb xa c\u00e1ch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n (t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp, vv) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c phong.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y qua b\u00ean l\u1ec1<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

    166. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em><\/strong>. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 suy y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1ebft hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00abb\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt: n\u00f3 nh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u00bb. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i n\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh – \u00abl\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng khi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y?\u00bb – v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u00abT\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f3c, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u00bb. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111ang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng trang l\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1eefu \u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m vui Tin M\u1eebng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi, c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV \/ AIDS tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    Nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    167. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i (foster homes), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00eau x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp h\u1ecd.<\/em><\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng c\u01a1n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m linh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mi\u1ec5n ch\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 v\u0169 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

    V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

    168. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00edch th\u00edch, qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. C\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y (tuy\u00ean u\u00fd nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, vv), v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 \u0111em hy v\u1ecdng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh n\u1eefa, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 (c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vv), t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    169. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ec9nh g\u1ea1t tham gia c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u0169 trang, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3i chung, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n,<\/em><\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, v\u00ec l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ecf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eebng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t chia r\u1ebd, hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c di d\u00e2n tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch <\/strong><\/p>\n

    170. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c con s\u1ed1 di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c di d\u00e2n tr\u1ebb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a (interculturality). Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1edbn lao, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u di d\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m linh m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

    171. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f4i khi, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb; trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. D\u00f9 sao, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng B\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

    172. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a nho\u00e0 ra sao n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c. S\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: \u00abTin M\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (xem Lc 4:43); n\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Bao l\u00e2u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb trong ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh cho t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u00bb (EG 180). V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (NGO) hay m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n: c\u00e1c chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng danh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu (xem EN 22), l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau lu\u00f4n chia s\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

    173. M\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tin m\u1eebng Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t kerygma<\/em> (gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n) \u00abn\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1ed1n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00fang ta; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u00bb (EG 165). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p n\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i \u201cni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1 t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i tim tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    174. S\u1ef1 thao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00fac \u00e2m n\u00e0y gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/strong> ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y trong khi, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean n\u00f3i – nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2013 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i xa c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i thi\u1ebfu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u201cH\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Gi\u00f4na\u201d, v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong> (xem GE 134). Khi v\u1ecb ti\u00ean tri n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho d\u00e2n c\u01b0 Niniv\u00ea, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u00ec tr\u00e1i tim \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1i tim Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f4-na l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III: M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac \u00e2m ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn ph\u00fac \u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/strong><\/p>\n

    175. Trong cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadn Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb “d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf”, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00ean trong \u201cc\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u201d(xem GMTH\u0110 5.1.10). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf mong \u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG s\u1ebd nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do n\u01a1i h\u1ecd, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t\u00bb (EN 9; EG 12), c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u1edf n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd (xem Lc 24: 13-35).<\/p>\n

    176. Nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u01b0u tuy\u1ec3n (elitist) v\u00e0 \u01b0a ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u1edbn trong gi\u1edbi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Syro-Phoenician, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em><\/strong> (xem Matthew 15:22-28<\/span>); Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n m\u01b0a l\u1eeda tr\u00fat l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaria, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hoan ngh\u00eanh vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i qua l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (xem Lc 9: 51-55); Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (xem Lc 18: 10-14); Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch xa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0 Cha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng (xem Lc 15: 11-32). Do \u0111\u00f3, trong khi Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 ch\u1ed1i Th\u1ea7y y\u00eau qu\u00ed ba l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Giu\u0111a ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec vi\u00ean b\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n La M\u00e3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (xem Mc 15:39). C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (xem Ga 9:41) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

    177. Nh\u01b0 T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, \u00abng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quen v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c tin ng\u00e0y nay \u00edt b\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00bb<\/em><\/strong> (DP III, 4). B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e2ng cao h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u01a1n th\u00e1nh \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u00abm\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i xem ra c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn lao\u00bb (EG 44; AL 305). Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111a di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (xem EG 236).<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

    178. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quan t\u00e2m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00e2u ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u cho r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cgia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d (xem AL 87.202) qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7, n\u01a1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00ednh kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u00e2m linh, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; n\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eefa; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh, v\u00ec trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C mu\u1ed1n th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 \u1ea5m t\u00e2m linh”. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc, ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 mong manh, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh mong manh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 coi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i\u201d h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

    179. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7n tu nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn; c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n tu n\u00e0y, trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u00e9p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp ch\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu s\u0129\u00bb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean say m\u00ea \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

    180. C\u00e1c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 \u00abs\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri \u00bb. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111ang mong \u0111\u1ee3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u00ednh trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    181. Li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n th\u0103m d\u00f2 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng Hu\u1ea5n Amoris Laetitia<\/em>, d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00abgia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan\u00bb (AL 274). Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, trong cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt (xem GMTH\u0110 1). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    182. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n, khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh b\u00ed t\u00edch (h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i). C\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan xung \u0111\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i chung, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, \u00abh\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u2018t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u2019ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u2018c\u1ed1 \u00fd\u2019 can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3\u00bb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    L\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa<\/strong><\/p>\n

    183. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, khi tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y t\u0129nh t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c linh thao, c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1m r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 linh thao, bi\u1ebft quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ecf b\u1ea7y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, \u1edf im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p \u201cch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00abim l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta\u201d (GMTH\u0110 15).<\/p>\n

    184. Trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u201cchi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u201d (xem GE 159-165), ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u (finetune) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u00fat t\u1ec9a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho Tin M\u1eebng nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ng\u00e0y nay. Khi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7y vui t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u01a1n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd khi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. Do \u0111\u00f3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn lao trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa <\/strong><\/p>\n

    185. C\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u1edf trung t\u00e2m, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi: Ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecdc L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (lectio divina), c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ea5y trong S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch s\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chung.<\/p>\n

    186. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gia t\u0103ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c hoa qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh linh h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00bb (VD 73). Sau khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, \u201cL\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n soi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n con v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng con \u0111i\u00bb (Tv 119: 105), Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh gia t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u00abL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i xu\u00e2n trong tr\u1eafng? Th\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y\u00bb (Tv 119: 9).<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n

    187. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3\u00bb. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho b\u1ea3n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 khi\u00eau kh\u00edch, cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00abc\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tham d\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 hay thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 7). V\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00bb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam: “C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa\u00bb. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Ni\u1ec1m Vui Tin M\u1eebng <\/em>c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 135-144.<\/p>\n

    188. X\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u00abch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ed t\u00edch\u00bb (LF 40), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u0103n c\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin, b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam n\u1eefa trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, \u00abv\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u00bb (LG 11) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00abngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng\u00bb (PO 5). C\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ars celebrandi <\/em>(ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eed h\u00e0nh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n. X\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c – th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00ednh h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c “ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00e0n th\u1edd”, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5; tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

    189. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eabn b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

    Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

    190. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9, v\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u00abc\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a trong th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00bb (OLQ). \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    191. M\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh \u0111ang m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung;<\/em><\/strong> Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ee9c tin d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Trong th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trung gian r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

    192. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean theo \u201cn\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o di s\u1ea3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/em><\/strong> C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

    193. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb.<\/em><\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi g\u1eedi t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

    194. Nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00e1c \u00e1i. M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201cm\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a anh em, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n\u201d (2Cr 8,9). Trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb, gi\u1eefa kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ecb tha v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb cho r\u1eb1ng \u00abc\u00e1c n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 15). B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eebng t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1edd c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u201cGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u201d. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 v\u0169 n\u1ec1n “v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho kh\u00f4ng” \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    195. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb, \u201cvi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111i du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin. \u201cvi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7n th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn nam n\u1eef, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb: vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    196. Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao m\u1ecdi m\u1ea7m s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. S\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin gi\u00fap c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n gi\u00e1o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n

    197. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u1eddi gian H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadn Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di d\u00e2n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ra sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb LGBT<\/em> (\u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh), qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, mong mu\u1ed1n “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00edch t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n” v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i thay v\u00ec d\u1ecb t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00e0, tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u00f4n, m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf m\u1ea1nh trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00abd\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng\u00bb (1Proverbs 3:16<\/span>). Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi duy t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cla Cattedra dei non credenti\u201d (Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin) v\u00e0 \u201cTi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00ecnh D\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i\u201d r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1edfi m\u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV: Sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n

    198. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng do phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf”. D\u00f9 lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u201cnh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u201cth\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb <\/strong><\/p>\n

    199. M\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i thay cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi anh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau cho B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng : \u00abCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can d\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00bb. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m \u201cc\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u201d, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y (xem EG 106). Theo sau v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Apostolicam Actuositatem <\/em>c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u00abkh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quan t\u00e2m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n danh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb (CL 46). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb: chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch can \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u201ccho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb\u201d qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u201cv\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb\u201d.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o: \u00abC\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n!\u00bb (Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 28 n\u0103m 2013<\/em>, ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2012), v\u00ec \u00abc\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi anh ta \/ c\u00f4 ta qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u00bb (CHTT). C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cgi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ecb\u201d, coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cnhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\u00bb. X\u00f3a b\u1ecf vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1edd l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

    200. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o (xem EG 120) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    V\u1ecb k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trung t\u00e2m d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c (synergy) v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 – t\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1i \u1ea5m – l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (xem EG 28). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi B\u1ea3n C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Tr\u1ef1c Tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 sau \u00abb\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00bb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng mong c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn <\/strong><\/p>\n

    201. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u0103n t\u00ednh n\u1eefa, g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u1eef gi\u1edbi\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00f4i khi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian cho t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00e0m ng\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t “cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a” m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    202. Tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho vi\u1ec7c \u201ct\u00e1i tr\u1ebb trung h\u00f3a\u201d c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean C\u1ea3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? Li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00e1m kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? \u00bb. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe, l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean C\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u201cQuan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c\u201d v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    203. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1edd l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i, v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t huynh \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh th\u00e2m h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. Khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng; h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: phong th\u00e1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vui t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, s\u1ef1 can d\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, d\u00f9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh sinh hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u01a1n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m qui chi\u1ebfu, v\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u00abph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00bb (EG 105). Theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do Iuvenescit ecclesia <\/em>18 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    204. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 “t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chung \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. \u201cK\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng\u201d (networking) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n trong thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m”, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. Kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tham gia \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i canh t\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh “\u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i” th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

    205. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf trong c\u1ea3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau – v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i sinh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o tr\u1ebb em, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u2013 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1edf l\u00f2ng ra, l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n

    206. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0i. Trong cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u00f4i khi, trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u2018n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y\u2019\u201d (GMTH\u0110 1). \u0110\u00f4i khi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y theo k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh r\u00fat v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u00bb v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u00abnhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb\u00bb. C\u00e1c H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C kh\u00e1c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m linh. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t n\u00ean l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tham gia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/strong><\/p>\n

    207. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201cbi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb – Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eefa – v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, \u00abn\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u00bb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 ph\u00f2 \u01b0u t\u00fa (elitist), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, khai ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    208. Trong th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 “thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9” (GMTH\u0110 14). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1eadp s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi do vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111em l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u00bb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb: trong kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, xem ra c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin. V\u00ec, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, \u00abc\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Tin M\u1eebng trong th\u1eddi ta v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ta l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan\u00bb, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u00f3 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 men b\u1ed9t m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    209. M\u1ed9t H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi: \u00abM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ta v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb h\u00f3a cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda\u00bb. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00abt\u1ea7m v\u00f3c Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00bb (Ephesians 4:13<\/span>), \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u201cc\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng\u201d d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111em ch\u00fang ra thi h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u201cm\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    210. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u00abchi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c su\u1ed1t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9c tin thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u00bb (\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u00abM\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn: C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng\u00bb, <\/em>ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2017).<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    211. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c: h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i m\u1ecfng d\u00f2n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng trang l\u1ee9a v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, t\u00f9y theo l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3i chung, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 y\u00eau m\u00ecnh th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (narcissism), theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng xem \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. C\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n. Hai nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong (inwardness), t\u1ee9c r\u00e0o k\u00edn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea3o v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, n\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (xem DP v\u00e0 GE 35-62). Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd kh\u00e1t khao linh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u01a0n g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u00ean th\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

    212. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00fac t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec \u00abCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu, V\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y Th\u1ea7n Linh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u00bb (LG 40). S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00ean m\u00e3n t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (NMI 31). C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong Gaudete et exsultate <\/em>cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u00abmu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ebdo v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00bb (GE 1). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: \u00abCh\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf b\u1ea7y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean khu\u00f4n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t chung. L\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 mang ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u00bb (GE 109).<\/p>\n

    Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00ean th\u00e1nh <\/strong><\/p>\n

    213. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng \u00abs\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00bb (GE 9) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201cd\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Cu\u1ed1n T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau (xem GE 93). \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00abm\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u00bb (De Virginitate<\/em>, 40); \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb! Trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn ra \u01a1n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u00ed T\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 H\u00f2a Gi\u1ea3i, t\u00ednh sinh hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau chung, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cnh\u00e0 qu\u00e1n qu\u00e2n\u201d n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng \u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t Ti\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh tr\u1ebb qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c tham v\u1ecdng s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb: t\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ni\u1ec1m vui, t\u1ef1 do, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C, tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh <\/strong><\/p>\n

    214. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c th\u00e1nh hoan ngh\u00eanh l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u0103m ch\u0103m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m sao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u00e1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh b\u1ed5n m\u1ea1ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tham chi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd “d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp thu \u2018n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u2019 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f3a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 Ph\u1ea7n II, Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u). V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb cho r\u1eb1ng \u00abc\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00bb (GMTH\u0110 15), n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Con y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi trong l\u00f2ng ng\u00e0i (xem Lc 2: 19-51), M\u1eb9 Maria l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1c th\u00e1nh tr\u1ebb\u201d, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng qua tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edch khi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y nay bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, trong \u0111\u00f3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00f9 sao v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng \u01a1n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qua nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n quanh co \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai, bi\u1ebft tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    KINH C\u1ea6U CHO TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

    L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu,<\/p>\n

    Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng,
    \nGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u00fang con c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd,
    \nbi\u1ebft nh\u1eafm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng
    \nv\u00e0 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef cho tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i,
    \nXin Ch\u00faa gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ecf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd,
    \n\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

    Xin Ch\u00faa gi\u1eef cho tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ecd m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01a1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi
    \nv\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ed1ng M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ec7 Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u, xin cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1,
    \n\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

    Xin cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa
    \nv\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd
    \nkhi h\u1ecd h\u00e2n hoan c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

    Amen.<\/p>\n

    <\/div><\/div>Proverbs 2:4<\/span>
    View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    4<\/span>If thou shalt seek her as money, and shalt dig for her as for a treasure:<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Galatians 2:14<\/span>
    View in:     NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    14<\/span>But when I saw that they walked not uprightly unto the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas before them all: If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of the Gentiles, and not as the Jews do, how dost thou compel the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Isaiah 49:15-16<\/span>
    View in:     NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    15<\/span>Can a woman forget her infant, so as not to have pity on the son of her womb? and if she should forget, yet will not I forget thee.<\/div>
    16<\/span>Behold, I have graven thee in my hands: thy walls are always before my eyes.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Matthew 19:16-22<\/span>
    View in:     NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    16<\/span>And behold one came and said to him: Good master, what good shall I do that I may have life everlasting?<\/div>
    17<\/span>Who said to him: Why asketh thou me concerning good? One is good, God. But if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments.<\/div>
    18<\/span>He said to him: Which? And Jesus said: Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness.<\/div>
    19<\/span>Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.<\/div>
    20<\/span>The young man saith to him: All these I have kept from my youth, what is yet wanting to me?<\/div>
    21<\/span>Jesus saith to him: If thou wilt be perfect, go sell what thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come follow me.<\/div>
    22<\/span>And when the young man had heard this word, he went away sad: for he had great possessions.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Colossians 1:16<\/span>
    View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    16<\/span>For in him were all things created in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones, or dominations, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him and in him.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Romans 6:4-5; 8:14-16<\/span>
    View in:     NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    6<\/span>4<\/span>For we are buried together with him by baptism into death; that as Christ is risen from the dead by the glory of the Father, so we also may walk in newness of life.<\/div>
    5<\/span>For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection.<\/div>
    8<\/span>14<\/span>For whosoever are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.<\/div>
    15<\/span>For you have not received the spirit of bondage again in fear; but you have received the spirit of adoption of sons, whereby we cry: Abba (Father).<\/div>
    16<\/span>For the Spirit himself giveth testimony to our spirit, that we are the sons of God.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Romans 1:1<\/span>
    View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    1<\/span>Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God,<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Matthew 13:44-46<\/span>
    View in:     NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    44<\/span>The kingdom of heaven is like unto a treasure hidden in a field. Which a man having found, hid it, and for joy thereof goeth, and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field.<\/div>
    45<\/span>Again the kingdom of heaven is like to a merchant seeking good pearls.<\/div>
    46<\/span>Who when he had found one pearl of great price, went his way, and sold all that he had, and bought it.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Matthew 15:22-28<\/span>
    View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    22<\/span>And behold a woman of Canaan who came out of those coasts, crying out, said to him: Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou son of David: my daughter is grieviously troubled by the devil.<\/div>
    23<\/span>Who answered her not a word. And his disciples came and besought him, saying: Send her away, for she crieth after us:<\/div>
    24<\/span>And he answering, said: I was not sent but to the sheep that are lost of the house of Israel.<\/div>
    25<\/span>But she came and adored him, saying: Lord, help me.<\/div>
    26<\/span>Who answering, said: It is not good to take the bread of the children, and to cast it to the dogs.<\/div>
    27<\/span>But she said: Yea, Lord; for the whelps also eat of the crumbs that fall from the table of their masters.<\/div>
    28<\/span>Then Jesus answering, said to her: O woman, great is thy faith: be it done to thee as thou wilt: and her daughter was cured from that hour.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Proverbs 3:16<\/span>
    View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    16<\/span>Length of days is in her right hand, and in her left hand riches and glory.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>Ephesians 4:13<\/span>
    View in:     NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
    13<\/span>Until we all meet into the unity of faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the age of the fulness of Christ;<\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u L\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Di\u0323ch: Vu\u0303 V\u0103n An\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 06\/August\/2018 \u00a0Cha Vu\u0303 Xu\u00e2n Minh nh\u00e2\u0301n ma\u0323nh nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m chi\u0301nh PHI\u00caN H\u1eccP TO\u00c0N TH\u1ec2 TH\u01af\u1edcNG L\u1ec6 L\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 XV C\u1ee6A TH\u01af\u1ee2NG H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C: GI\u1edaI TR\u1eba, \u0110\u1ee8C TIN V\u00c0 BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c2N \u01a0N G\u1eccI     Ca\u0301c ch\u01b0\u0303 vi\u00ea\u0301t t\u0103\u0301t: AL Amoris laetitia CL Christifideles laici CHTT … [Read more…]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13746,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75,61,74],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-phaolo","4":"post-13743","6":"format-standard","7":"has-post-thumbnail","8":"category-dai-hoi-giao-ly","9":"category-dtc-phanxico","10":"category-thdgt2018"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13743"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13747,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13743\/revisions\/13747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}