{"id":8287,"date":"2021-11-17T07:37:22","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T01:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/?p=8287"},"modified":"2021-11-18T22:45:02","modified_gmt":"2021-11-18T16:45:02","slug":"duc-giesu-vua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/duc-giesu-vua\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Vua"},"content":{"rendered":"

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(Gioan 18,33b-37 \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 Vua v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 – B)<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u1ecb vua ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng gai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u; ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u201ckh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.- Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh <\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00eam, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft (Ga<\/em> 18,12) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Khanan (18,13) v\u00e0 Caipha (18,24). \u0110\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ebfn dinh t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Philat\u00f4 (18,18). B\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay cho th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n R\u00f4ma; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc quan t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao, n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n sinh s\u00e1t trong tay. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t <\/em>cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i thong th\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t <\/em>phi\u00ean t\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 cho hi\u1ec3u \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Philat\u00f4, ti\u1ebfn ra v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hay \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, cu\u1ed9c x\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a Philat\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh 7 \u0111o\u1ea1n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 sau (C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t <\/em>c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac song song, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c):<\/p>\n

– \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: 18,28-32: b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i;<\/p>\n

– \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: 18,33-38a: b\u00ean trong;<\/p>\n

– \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: 18,38b-40: b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i;<\/p>\n

– \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: 19,1-3: b\u00ean trong – \u0110\u1ec9nh cao: \u201cK\u00ednh ch\u00e0o Vua d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i\u201d (19,3);<\/p>\n

– \u0111o\u1ea1n 5: 19,4-8: b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i;<\/p>\n

– \u0111o\u1ea1n 6: 19,9-11: b\u00ean trong;<\/p>\n

– \u0111o\u1ea1n 7: 19,12-16a: b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Trong to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay thu\u1ed9c \u0111o\u1ea1n 2, l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu.<\/p>\n

2.- B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xoay quanh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Philat\u00f4: \u201c\u00d4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vua d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ra th\u00e0nh ba \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1ef1a theo ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p gi\u1eefa Philat\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu:<\/p>\n

1) \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vua (18,33-34);<\/p>\n

2) \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu (18,35-36);<\/p>\n

3) \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vua (18,37).<\/p>\n

3.- V\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

– vua d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i<\/em> (33): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Philat\u00f4. Tr\u00ean m\u00f4i \u00f4ng n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u201cDo Th\u00e1i\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch (nh\u01b0 \u1edf c. 31), nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia Do Th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

– T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i hay sao? <\/em>(35): C\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng Philat\u00f4 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf \u00fd khinh b\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng Philat\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

– ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0y<\/em> (36): T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb enteuthen<\/em>, \u201cch\u1ed1n n\u00e0y\u201d, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y\u201d (ek tou kosmou toutou<\/em>), v\u00ec ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cthu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u201cthu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d (ek t\u00eas g\u00eas<\/em>, 3,31), c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u1ecbch cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n

– V\u1eady \u00f4ng l\u00e0 vua sao? <\/em>(37): C\u00e1ch Philat\u00f4 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec theo t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c R\u00f4ma, khi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, th\u00ec quan t\u00f2a s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ba l\u1ea7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ngh\u1ecb \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 vua<\/em> (37): \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>danh x\u01b0ng m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

4.- \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u1edf b\u00ean trong t\u00f2a \u00e1n, Philat\u00f4 tr\u1edf v\u00e0o trong dinh, v\u00e0 cho g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3n Ant\u00f4nia kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. L\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh minh. Chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vinh quang; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u201cquy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, ng\u00e0y s\u1eafp di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn, ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai kh\u00f4ng gian: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o dinh Philat\u00f4 v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m u\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111ang \u1edf trong dinh Philat\u00f4, t\u1ee9c \u1edf tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m u\u1ebf: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i (d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m u\u1ebf) lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb<\/p>\n

Philat\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n nhau, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n 19,8-12, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Philat\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t <\/em>m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vua (33-34)<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c. 33 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Philat\u00f4. \u00d4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vua ch\u0103ng. \u00d4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201cvua d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i\u201d (ho basileus t\u00f4n Ioudai\u00f4n<\/em>). R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i; tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o n\u00e0y minh nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: Philat\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ri\u00eang hay \u00f4ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3o, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>l\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng. K\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u00e1o n\u1ea1i t\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a quan t\u00f2a v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u00f4ng nh\u1edb t\u1edbi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, Philat\u00f4 gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu (35-36)<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d (c. 35b). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tuy\u00ean \u00e1n.
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201c\u00d4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng?\u201d (c. 33). T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qua c\u00e1ch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Philat\u00f4: Philat\u00f4 h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n; \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t… Qua \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Trong khi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i (18,24), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ba l\u1ea7n: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y\u201d (18,36). \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea7n gian, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00faa t\u1ec3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vua (37)<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Philat\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady \u00f4ng l\u00e0 vua sao?\u201d (c. 37), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady \u00f4ng l\u00e0 vua d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i sao?\u201d. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u\u2026\u201d (c. 36). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>chuy\u1ec7n Philat\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00ear\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3u d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, khi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Philat\u00f4, l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1: N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y qua l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb n\u1ed9p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua theo c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c vua tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i b\u1ecb n\u1ed9p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i\u201d. V\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Philat\u00f4, khi nghe quan h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady \u00f4ng l\u00e0 vua sao?\u201d, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u1eabn \u0111ang b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i, \u1edf trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ai, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua. Philat\u00f4 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u1ecb vua theo ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u ra r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua: th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0o.
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1eddi Philat\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vua. B\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sau \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m vua c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d (c. 37). \u00dd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian n\u1eb1m trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vua c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 ai bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa sai ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gian. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi, v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Con v\u1edbi Cha.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/em>, vua l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed t\u1ed1t: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 cho chi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o\u201d (10,10). C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cPh\u00e0m ai ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng t\u00f4i\u201d (c. 37), v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nghe ti\u1ebfng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (x. 10,2-4).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho Philat\u00f4 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gian. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>c\u00e2u t\u00f3m r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea7y g\u1ee3i \u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1eddi nh\u1eafc n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 ai. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, khi g\u1eb7p Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu cho Philat\u00f4 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00f4i k\u00e9o k\u1ebb \u0111ang nghe Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o: \u201cAi \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec nghe ti\u1ebfng t\u00f4i\u201d (c. 37). Philat\u00f4 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Philat\u00f4 l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t <\/em>c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cS\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d (c. 38). V\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, Philat\u00f4 tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>ho\u00e0i nghi (ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9?), ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t <\/em>l\u1eddi ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o (s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00ec?), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao, c\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa Philat\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nay v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi D\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 quan Philat\u00f4.<\/p>\n

+ K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, Philat\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t <\/em>l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu g\u1eedi cho \u00f4ng. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a Philat\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d (14,6), nh\u01b0ng Philat\u00f4 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. D\u00f9 sao, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong TM IV<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t <\/em>ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Philat\u00f4 \u0111ang th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Philat\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 vua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf l\u00f2ng ra v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Philat\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 khi thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan t\u00f2a, Philat\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

5.- G\u1ee3i \u00fd suy ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 Vua: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ngai, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 s\u0129! C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i cong l\u01b0ng c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i Tin M\u1eebng h\u00f4m nay cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n

2. V\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o ngay trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t <\/em>th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vua c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu h\u00e0nh x\u1eed khi l\u00f4i k\u00e9o lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 Cha (x. 12,31-32). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng (x. 17,1-2).<\/p>\n

3. Khi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn mang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho th\u1ebf gian (8,14.18; 14,6). Khi \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft: nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c vua ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u1ecb vua ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng gai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u201ckh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y\u201d, kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Tin M\u1eebng, v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, Vua ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00f2ng gai, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng c\u1ea1nh s\u01b0\u1eddn, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Con. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, ni\u1ec1m vui th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong l\u00f2ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Lm PX V\u0169 Phan Long, ofm<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  (Gioan 18,33b-37 \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 Vua v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 – B) \u0110\u1ee9c vua ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng gai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u; ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u201ckh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y\u201d.\u00a0 1.- Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh Trong \u0111\u00eam, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft (Ga 18,12) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb … [Read more…]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-phaolo","4":"post-8287","6":"format-standard","7":"has-post-thumbnail","8":"category-thanh-kinh"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8287"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12690,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8287\/revisions\/12690"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}