![\"imagesCAL36AA3\"](\"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/imagesCAL36AA3-300x162.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nD\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9 hai M\u00f9a V\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Cha Raniero Cantalamessa, v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng.\u00a0 B\u00e0i n\u00e0y d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/i><\/p>\n
1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng:\u00a0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong b\u00e0i suy ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn th<\/p>\n
\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh n\u0103m nay: k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m khai m\u1ea1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung Vatican\u00f4 II.<\/p>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng [1].\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 th\u00ec gi\u1edf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4i khi, song song v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u0169ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n
nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng.\u00a0 T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 ba ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu: aggiornamento (c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a), \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t <\/i>v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/i>.\u00a0 Khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0110TC Gioan XXIII d\u00f9ng \u0111i d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u201caggiornamento\u201d (c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a), m\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 v\u1ef1ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.\u00a0 Trong b\u00e0i hu\u1ea5n t\u1eeb khai m\u1ea1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, theo \u00fd ng\u00e0i: \u201cC\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung th\u1ee9 21 [\u2026] mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh tuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt hay m\u00e9o m\u00f3 [\u2026]. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 canh gi\u1eef kho t\u00e0ng qu\u00ed b\u00e1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mau m\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta, trong khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111i theo trong g\u1ea7n 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua [\u2026]. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trung th\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi\u201d <\/i>[2].<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t hay th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean: th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay canh t\u00e2n n\u00f3.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, t\u1eeb \u201caggiornamento\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t\u201d, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 mang trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, th\u00ec (vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t) \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u201ccanh t\u00e2n trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c\u201d.\u00a0 Trong th\u00f4<\/i>ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Ecclesiam Suam<\/i>, \u0110TC Phaol\u00f4 VI tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201caggiornamento\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110TC Gioan XXIII \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u201cnguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u201d<\/i> [3].\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110TC Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ee7a ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i [4], v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng Kim Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201ccanh t\u00e2n trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, trong m\u1ed9t hu\u1ea5n t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1o Tri\u1ec1u R\u00f4ma ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 12, n\u0103m 2005.\u00a0 Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n
\u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh?\u00a0 \u0110\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, hay nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1eddi nay, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng.\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, trong khi c\u00e1ch kia, tuy \u00e2m th\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111em l\u1ea1i hoa tr\u00e1i.\u00a0 M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t\u2019; c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i canh t\u00e2n\u2019\u201d. <\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean \u00e1n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (modernist) d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0110TC Pi\u00f4 IX. \u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00ednh l\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m.\u00a0 Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c T\u00e0n S\u00e1t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (Holocaust), l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i. \u00a0\u0110TC vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n
\u201cR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u1ea5y, c\u00f9ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea9y ra.\u00a0 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 ra nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3, sau khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua.\u00a0 B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (axiological), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, sang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian (chronological), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecdan v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. \u00a0V\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong \u201cKh\u1ea3o Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o\u201d<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u0110HY Newman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNgh\u1ecb Ph\u1ee5 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Vatican\u00f4 II\u201d.\u00a0 Ch\u00e2 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Gioan Newman ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng, khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hay ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n th\u00ec: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 <\/i>ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/i>. [\u2026]. \u00a0\u00a0Trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0169 t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.\u00a0 N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean. \u00a0Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c qua \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d<\/i> [5].<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u201ccum legentibus crescit\u201d,\u201cl\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3\u201d<\/i> [6]; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u00f3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng, theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00a0Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 \u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u00a0Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfng Hipri, l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Ti\u1ebfng La Tinh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi), nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Aram c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n. \u00a0Vi\u1ec7c trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Aram v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai l\u1eafng nghe Tin M\u1eebng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, ti\u1ebfng La Tinh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi La Tinh, ti\u1ebfng Arm\u00eania v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Arm\u00eania, ti\u1ebfng Cop v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cop, v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. \u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u0110HY Newman \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trung th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
2. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p bao la v\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a \u0110HY Newman, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i sau ti\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong vi\u1ec7c khai tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. \u00a0Trong \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 vai tr\u00f2 \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ea5ng An \u1ee6i ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u Ng\u00e0i m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u201cc\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i\u201d, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d (Ga 16:12-13).<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh? Th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh qu\u00ed, nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d<\/i> [7]. \u00a0Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u1edbi. \u00a0Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. \u00a0Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1!<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II. \u00a0Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u00a0N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n t\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 lan truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u00a0\u00a0B\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 h\u00f3a Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hay k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d<\/i> \u00a0Thi s\u0129 Charles P\u00e9guy \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft,
\n\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p b\u00e8 con (hay nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p to).
\nV\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u \u00f4i\u2026
\nNh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp Ai C\u1eadp.
\nCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p
\n\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef,
\nNh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng
\n\u0110\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u2026
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt,
\n\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian
\nNh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi gian\u201d [8].<\/i><\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ef1c \u0111oan b\u00ean kia, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec. \u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc thay, tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. \u00a0Qua \u201cTinh th\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/i>\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe th\u1ea5y th\u00f4i th\u00fac l\u1edbn lao [h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1], v\u1ec1 can \u0111\u1ea3m s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 [ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5] ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean [\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed].<\/p>\n
Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng minh h\u1ecda \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng.\u00a0 T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed (2 Corinthians 3:6<\/span>), Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n \u201cCh\u1eef vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra m\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong Tin M\u1eebng; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu \u1edf b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng thanh t\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d<\/i> [9].<\/p>\n C\u0169ng trong c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, Th\u00e1nh Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 vi\u1ebft: \u201cLu\u1eadt M\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u01a1n Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4\u201d<\/i> [10]. \u00a0C\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt M\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng theo ngh\u0129a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (material sense), nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung; \u01a1n Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt M\u1edbi theo ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (formal sense), v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3 m\u1edbi ban s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt Tin M\u1eebng n\u00e0y ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u00a0Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 n\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201clu\u1eadt th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4\u201d<\/i> (Romans 8:2<\/span>).<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7. \u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u1eef vi\u1ebft gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II? \u00a0Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c \u201cth\u1ef1c thi\u201d hay thi h\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng.<\/i>\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3ct\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nh\u01b0ng \u201ctrong Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed\u201d, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u2018tinh th\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng\u201d m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, m\u1edf ra cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 quan. \u00a0Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch \u1ea5y.\u00a0 \u0110TC Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II vi\u1ebft trong n\u0103m 1981 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00f2an th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e2n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y quan ph\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a (<\/i>“aggiornamento”)<\/i> v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u201d [11]. <\/i><\/p>\n 3. Ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng hoa qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cL\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng M\u1edbi\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3ng l\u00f3ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u01b0a? \u00a0M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110HY Newman, l\u00e0 Ian Ker, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi h\u1eadu C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng [12]. \u00a0Ti\u1ebfp theo x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 I n\u0103m 1870, \u0110HY Newman \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i suy ni\u1ec7m chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u00a0Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tham d\u1ef1 l\u00fac \u1ea5y.\u00a0 C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay \u00edt h\u01a1n, so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, \u0110HY Newman \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 minh h\u1ecda li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung. \u00a0Nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho t\u1edbi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u00a0Theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: ch\u1ec9 sau khi d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y [13]. \u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng: trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u00a0X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung kh\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y lo s\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c hy v\u1ecdng. \u00a0C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II minh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y [14].<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d (Wirkungsgeschichte<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Hans-Georg Gadamer. \u00a0Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qua vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 [15]. \u00a0Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u00a0N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea3n v\u0103n theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea9y ra sau \u0111\u00f3. \u00a0N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong \u00e1nh sang c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.<\/p>\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1eadu C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng. \u00a0C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn.\u00a0 Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u00a0Ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9 r\u00e1ch b\u1ea7u r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i tay m\u00ecnh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho ta ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9 r\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng b\u1ea7u r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u0169 \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng M\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 tin? \u00a0\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. \u00a0Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00a0C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf Lumen Gentium<\/i>, trong \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u00ed t\u00edch\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u201cd\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d \u0111ang l\u1eef h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m. \u00a0\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng (koinonia<\/i>) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt (gerarchia<\/i>). \u00a0\u0110TC Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u khi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o thi\u00ean k\u1ef7 ni\u00ean m\u1edbi [16].<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n sang s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng? \u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u n\u00f3 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u201cth\u1ecbt v\u00e0 m\u00e1u\u201d [17]? \u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng theo \u201clu\u1eadt Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e2n hoan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c? \u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t? \u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t? \u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u ao \u01b0\u1edbc tha thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn?\u201d<\/p>\n V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, x\u1ea9y ra trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft. \u00a0V\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i; \u2018N\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y!\u2019 hay \u2018N\u00f3 \u1edf kia!\u2019\u00a0 Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111ang \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00f4ng\u201d<\/i> (Lc 17:21). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd khoa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 khoa chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.\u00a0 T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng xuy\u00ean nghe l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh!<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m, qua ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00edn h\u1eefu (hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i t\u00edn h\u1eefu) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng. \u00a0\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch hay c\u1ea1nh tranh nhau, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu [theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau]. \u00a0C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u201d, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5n \u00e1t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh danh x\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u201cH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d<\/i> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u00e2n\u201d. \u00a0<\/i>\u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 do t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh: ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c, tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef n\u1eefa. \u00a0H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng, l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong Lumen Gentium<\/i>. \u00a0Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n (v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o S\u0129 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Tu S\u0129), n\u00ean \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o D\u00e2n\u201d ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n \u0110TC Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u201cnh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d [18]. \u00a0Trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp, \u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf [19]. \u00a0Trong b\u00e0i hu\u1ea5n t\u1eeb l\u1ec5 Truy\u1ec1n D\u1ea7u Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh (2012), ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi h\u1eadu C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng mang nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Phong Tr\u00e0o Canh T\u00e2n \u0110\u1eb7c S\u1ee7ng, hay Canh T\u00e2n Trong Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed. \u00a0N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh theo ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u hay linh \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong n\u0103m 1973, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II, \u0110HY Suenens, khi nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nhan l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, Ngu\u1ed3n M\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ecdi Hy V\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang Ta\u201d <\/i>v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed1i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i:<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.\u00a0 T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng; \u1edf C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, t\u00f4i t\u1eebng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o chung chia s\u1ebd):<\/p>\n \u201cB\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng, Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt x\u01b0a kia d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang x\u1ea9y ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. \u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u2018l\u1eddi\u2019. \u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d<\/i> [20].<\/p>\n C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, \u00edt l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u00a0Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu y\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t l\u1eefng l\u1edd. \u00a0Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra? \u00a0C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea9y ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba khi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n? \u00a0\u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Inn\u00f4cent\u00ea III, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f9ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n 4. L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m <\/b><\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng (Vatican\u00f4 II) l\u00e0 g\u00ec, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n do n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: Dei Verbum (L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa), Lumen Gentium (\u00c1nh S\u00e1ng Mu\u00f4n D\u00e2n), Gaudium et spes (Vui M\u1eebng V\u00e0 Hy V\u1ecdng), Nostra aetate (Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang Ta), <\/i>v.v…? \u00a0Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecf ch\u00fang qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean r\u1ed3i mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n hay kh\u00f4ng? \u00a0C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng: \u201cL\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt\u201d<\/i> [21]. \u00a0Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II. \u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i th\u1ee5c gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u00a0V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi kinh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i. \u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc Nostra Aetate<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 huynh \u0111\u1ec7. \u00a0Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i Nostra Aetate<\/i>, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 Dei Verbum <\/i>sau khi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u00edch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a. \u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra theo hai chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn t\u1eeb ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n Thi s\u0129 T.S. Eliot \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh 50 n\u0103m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II:<\/p>\n \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eebng th\u0103m d\u00f2 Sau qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng. \u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00ec theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cbi\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u1ea5y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb Ph\u1ee5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n c\u00e2y l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh. \u00a0Th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u00e0 \u0110TC Gioan XXIII \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u201cvi\u1ec7c n\u1edf hoa b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u00f4i ng\u00e0i v\u00ec hai ch\u1eef C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng\u201d <\/i>[23] c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ee9ng ti\u00ean tri. \u00a0Trong di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c kho\u00e1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u201cL\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc ao, s\u1ebd phong ph\u00fa h\u00f3a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u201d<\/i> [24].<\/p>\n N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh qua m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng t\u00f4i trung Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc Gioan XXIII. \u00a0N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta coi vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u gia d\u0129, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh sau C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng sau L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Th\u1ee9 Hai M\u00f9a V\u1ecdng 2012 c\u1ee7a Cha <\/b>Cantalamessa<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n Phaol\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Kh\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. [2]<\/a> Jean XXIII, Discours<\/em> \u00e0 l\u2019ouverture du Concile, nr. 6,5.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Paul VI, Enc. Ecclesiam suam<\/em>, 52; cf. aussi Enseignements de Paul VI<\/em>, vol. IX (1971), p. 318.<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> Jean-Paul II, Audience g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em> du 1er ao\u00fbt 1979.<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> J. H. Newman, Le d\u00e9veloppement de la doctrine chr\u00e9tienne<\/em>, Bologne, Il Mulino 1967, pp. 46 s.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> Gr\u00e9goire Le Grand, Commentaire du livre de Job<\/em> XX, 1 (CC 143 A, p. 1003).<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> S. Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e, Contre les h\u00e9r\u00e9sies<\/em>, III, 24, 1.<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> Ch. P\u00e9guy. Le Porche du myst\u00e8re de la deuxi\u00e8me vertu<\/em>, La Pl\u00e9iade, Paris 1975, pp. 588 s.<\/p>\n [9]<\/a> Thomas d\u2019Aquin, Summa theologiae, <\/em>I-IIae, q. 106, a. 2.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> Ibid.,<\/em> q. 106, a. 1; cf. Augustin, De Spiritu et littera,<\/em> 21, 36.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> Jean-Paul II, Lettre apostolique A Concilio Constantinopolitano I<\/em>, 25 mars 1981, dans AAS 73 (1981) 515-527.<\/p>\n [12]<\/a> I. Ker, Newman, the Councils, and Vatican II<\/em>, in \u00ab\u00a0Communio\u00a0\u00bb. International Catholic Review, 2001, pp. 708-728.<\/p>\n [13]<\/a> Newman, op. cit. p.46. [16]<\/a> Novo millennio ineunte<\/em>, 42.<\/p>\n [17]<\/a> I. Ker, art. cit. p.727.<\/p>\n [18]<\/a> Jean-Paul II, Novo millennio ineunte<\/em>, 46.<\/p>\n [19]<\/a> Cf. Discours aux mouvements eccl\u00e9siaux \u00e0 la veille de la Pentec\u00f4te 2006 in:\u00a0 The Beauty of Being a Christian. Movements in the Church<\/em>. Proceedings of the Second World Congress on the Ecclesial Movements and New Communities (Frascati 31 mai \u2013 1er\u00a0 juin 2006), Rome, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2007.<\/p>\n [20]<\/a> Card. L.-J. Suenens,\u00a0 Souvenirs et Esp\u00e9rances<\/em>,\u00a0 Dublin, Veritas 1992, p. 267.<\/p>\n [21]<\/a> Augustin, De Spiritu et littera<\/em> ,19, 34.<\/p>\n [22]<\/a> T.S. Eliot, Four Quartets<\/em> V , The Complete Poems and Plays<\/em>, Faber & Faber, Londres 1969, p.197:<\/p>\n \u201cWe shall not cease from exploration<\/p>\n And the end of our exploring<\/p>\n Will be to arrive where we started<\/p>\n And know the place for the first time.\u201d<\/p>\n
\nV\u00e0 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2
\nCh\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u
\nV\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u1ea5y\u201d [22]. <\/i><\/p>\n
\n<\/b><\/i>____________
\nGhi ch\u00fa:<\/i><\/b>
\n[1]<\/a> Cf. Le Concile Vatican II. R\u00e9ception et actualit\u00e9 \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du Jubil\u00e9<\/em>, par R. Fisichella, Ed. San Paolo, 2000.<\/p>\n
\n[14] M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra trong C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung \u00caph\u00eas\u00f4 n\u0103m 431. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 Theotokos (M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa), theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Cyril Th\u00e0nh Alexandria, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. Th\u1ef1c ra, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c n\u1edf hoa bao la c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh M\u1eb9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 C\u1ea3 \u1edf R\u00f4ma. S\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n \u1edf C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chalcedon n\u0103m 451.
\n[15]<\/a> Cf. H. G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode<\/em>, T\u00fcbingen 1960.<\/p>\n