T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh <\/b>Gaudium et Spes<\/b><\/p>\n
Gaudium et spes<\/i> l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II, g\u1ed3m 93 c\u00e2u. Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Trong khi t\u00f3m t\u1eaft Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1ch x\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Gerald Darring tr\u00ean website c\u1ee7a Spring Hill College. C\u00e1ch x\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea1nh nhau trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. V\u00ec Lumen gentium<\/i> l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf T\u00edn L\u00fd v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, n\u00ean Gaudium et spes<\/i> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Lumen gentium<\/i>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Gaudium et spes<\/i> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Dei Verbum<\/i>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan. B\u00e0i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t s\u01a1 s\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gaudium et spes<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n trong v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o 8 trang gi\u1ea5y. V\u1eady xin b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/b><\/p>\n
M\u1edf \u0110\u1ea7u<\/b><\/p>\n
Vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (1). V\u00ec v\u1eady, C\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II \u01b0\u1edbc ao tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn lo \u00e2u th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1eadn v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (3) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi (10) trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadn Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Ng\u00e0y Nay<\/b><\/p>\n
H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng (4), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (54). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 sang m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi (5). Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a (4), k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (6) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (7).<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a b\u1ed5 \u00edch (42). Gia t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (25). Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (23), l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (26).<\/p>\n
Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n (41). H\u1ecd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t (26). M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u (9), h\u1ecd khao kh\u00e1t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m (9). M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (73).<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (55).<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. \u0110ang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia (8). Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh (4), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c tin ra kh\u00f2i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (43).<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 do t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (25). S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (37). C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u00e3 man kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 (79). Ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng (83). Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh (78).<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eeba t\u1ecf ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1eeba t\u1ecf ra y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u xa nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do hay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9 h\u1eadn (9).<\/p>\n
H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u1ee9c Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (40). C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed3 v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (1).<\/p>\n
D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhau (11). H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 men v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 linh h\u1ed3n cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (40). \u00a0H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00eam nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n (40), m\u1edf ra cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi (41); c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (42). T\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh cho ph\u00e9p H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng (42). H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (42). C\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chu to\u00e0n c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gian th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (43). H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ph\u00fa h\u00f3a nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (44). B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea1p h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (44).<\/p>\n
S\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi H\u00f4m Nay<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh chung ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (40). S\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (42).<\/p>\n
S\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y: bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (41); l\u00e0m cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian (21); truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian (40); ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (3); rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ban ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c kho t\u00e0ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng (89 ); b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (33); l\u00e0m cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 (45); t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00fang trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng (4); l\u1eafng nghe, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. (44); c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t (42); \u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a (58); l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i lan tr\u00e0n trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi; c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (76); chi\u1ebfu soi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e1nh quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Tin M\u1eebng, v\u00e0 quy t\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a (92).<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m Gi\u00e1, C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u00dd Ngh\u0129a Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n
Khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd (41), C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 (35). Nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e2n x\u00e1c h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i trong ng\u00e0y sau h\u1ebft (14), tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (15 ); v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cung th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. (16). Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh (17).<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 anh em, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (34). S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (37). Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 khi ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hy sinh cho tha nh\u00e2n (24).<\/p>\n
Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea3 l\u1eabn n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 sau xa (3). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi t\u1ed9i ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (37). M\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu (22). B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9 khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi sau v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft (18).<\/p>\n
Quan\u00a0 Ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (41). Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (21), m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (19). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc (36), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (43).<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf (43). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. M\u1ecdi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb (29). Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (28). C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c (73),<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00f4 Th\u1ea7n<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 che \u0111\u1eady thay v\u00ec b\u00e0y t\u1ecf dung nhan th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (19). Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (20). Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong khi coi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hy v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n (20). \u00a0Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (21).<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t S\u1ed1 V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Kh\u1ea9n Thi\u1ebft<\/b><\/p>\n
Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (33), Gaudium et spes bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 chung v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (35). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (30), v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft (32). Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (31). Ch\u1ec9 trong t\u1ef1 do, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh (17). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ea1c (16). M\u1ed9t n\u1ea5c thang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m (37). \u00a0Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (41). Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m (8). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh (28). \u00a0Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai l\u1ea7m: lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sai l\u1ea7m trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (28).<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng B\u1eb1ng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/b><\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 chung v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (9).<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u00a0Gaudium et spes kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (25). T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n: nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t, th\u00f4ng tin th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (26). Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa x\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nhau trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (24). M\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (26). Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i coi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (27).<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng: b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1 thai, tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u00f4 danh \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a (27). C\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa (28). Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb (29).<\/p>\n
C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng: c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (29), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng \u00edch c\u00f9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (30).<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cai qu\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n (34), nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd (55). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (21), h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c (92). Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (35).\u00a0 V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng (38).<\/p>\n
S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p cho C\u00e1c Ph\u1ea7n T\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi sau h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi (21). Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y (39). C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (57), v\u00e0 th\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m cho nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1eddi sau (43). S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Kit\u00f4 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n (34), v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00fang ta tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 (28). Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong ch\u00ednh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau, c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p (92).<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Kh\u1ea9n C\u1ea5p<\/b><\/p>\n
Sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p (46).<\/p>\n
1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>\u00a0H<\/i><\/b>\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/i><\/b> Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ban nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. \u00d0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng do giao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i, c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00ean s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nhau (48). H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh qui h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i.\u00a0 B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (50). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh (47). Nh\u01b0ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n, con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (51). Ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng sang, \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng theo \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, ngay c\u1ea3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tu tr\u00ec, v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f4ng cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh: cha m\u1eb9, con c\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau (52).<\/p>\n
2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>V<\/i><\/b>\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/i><\/b> Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1edd v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao d\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c (53). M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (54). L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (9). H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o (42), hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 hay t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (58). V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (58), cho n\u00ean H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (44), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (62). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/i>\u0110<\/i><\/b>\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf<\/i><\/b> v\u00e0<\/i><\/b> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/i><\/b> C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch, trung t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (63). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u00e2m linh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (64). H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o (42). Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (29). S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nguy hi\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng (63).<\/p>\n Quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 <\/i>n\u1ea1n <\/i>ngh\u00e8o<\/i> \u0111\u00f3i<\/i> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/i>. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (1). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1ng h\u1eadu, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 b\u1edfi n\u1ea1n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i (4), ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn \u0111ang qu\u1eb1n qu\u1ea1i v\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c trong nh\u1eefng long b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 (88). Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (27). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c (31). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (63). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (68). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (68). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00ean \u00e1n cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (81), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 vun tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd l\u1eabn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (90).<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng <\/i>\u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1<\/i> m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i>. Vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (68). D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh (67), v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 sao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng (67). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 (68). Tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec b\u1edfi \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng (68).<\/p>\n Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do <\/i>c\u1ee7a <\/i>con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, <\/i>v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, trong khi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch (70). M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p kinh t\u1ebf n\u00ean chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn (68). \u00a0Trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. (65).<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf<\/i> cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c cho m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. (65). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i (66). M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb (29). Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n (84). \u00a0N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i, tham v\u1ecdng qu\u1ed1c gia, tham mu\u1ed1n \u01b0u th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 (85).<\/p>\n 4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>\u0110<\/i><\/b>\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/i><\/b>.<\/b> C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (74). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng hoan ngh\u00eanh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (73), v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o (42, 76), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (42).<\/p>\n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (74). S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ef1 do c\u00f9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u00edch (74). N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (75). \u00a0C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang qua vi\u1ec7c tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch phe nh\u00f3m (73). M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n (74).<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng \u00edch. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng \u00edch (75). Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (28).<\/p>\n 5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>H<\/i><\/b>\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/i><\/b> H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 hoa qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i: n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u1ed5n th\u1ef1c thi b\u1edfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (78). N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00ec s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n (82). S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (29), v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng (83).<\/p>\n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u00f4n h\u00f2a. Nh\u01b0ng m\u01b0u toan \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. \u00a0\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c trong qu\u00e2n ng\u0169, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i coi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em l\u1ea1i an ninh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o (79)<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi (80). Trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1eeba b\u00e3i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u00e1n (80). C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00eam tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (81). N\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang. Mu\u1ed1n cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m binh b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u (82). Bao l\u00e2u nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, khinh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 nghi k\u1ef5,… c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ngoan c\u1ed1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng v\u1eabn v\u00f4 \u00edch (82). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u00e3n quan tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (82).<\/p>\n Vai Tr\u00f2 Tr\u1ecdng T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4<\/b><\/p>\n Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gaudium et spes nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, theo C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n (41). \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 noi theo (22).<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ebfn \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (3). \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 nh\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (10). Ch\u00faa Cha mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 nh\u01b0 anh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (93). H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 trong th\u1ebf gian (48).<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft (18). M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (29). M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi t\u1ed9i ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (38).<\/p>\n Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (78). Trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (10). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng khao kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (45). Ch\u1ec9 trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng (22). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadm v\u00e0 th\u00e2u k\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea5y n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 sau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung m\u1ecdi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y mai, ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. (38).<\/p>\n K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kho t\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (91). V\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111em s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Tin M\u1eebng soi chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 quy t\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 ngay trong l\u00f2ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00ed m\u1ebfn, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o trong t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c huynh \u0111\u1ec7, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Cha l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m anh em v\u1edbi nhau (92). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha thi\u1ebft mong \u01b0\u1edbc g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng cho Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Cha tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u1ea9y sinh m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi vinh quang Ch\u00faa (93).<\/p>\n Phaol\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Kh\u00f4i vi\u1ebft theo GS Gerald Darring v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a GHHV Pi\u00f4 X<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gaudium et Spes Gaudium et spes l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II, g\u1ed3m 93 c\u00e2u. Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u00e1o … [Read more…]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,56],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-phaolo","4":"post-8981","6":"format-standard","7":"category-nam-duc-tin","8":"category-cong-dong-vaticano-ii"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n