{"id":9136,"date":"2013-03-06T10:57:42","date_gmt":"2013-03-06T04:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/?p=9136"},"modified":"2013-03-07T23:21:35","modified_gmt":"2013-03-07T17:21:35","slug":"tim-hieu-cong-dong-vaticano-ii-bai-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/tim-hieu-cong-dong-vaticano-ii-bai-7\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm Hi\u1ec3u C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II \u2013 B\u00e0i 7"},"content":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ebft, T<\/b>\u1ef1 Do T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o<\/b>, Li\u00ean H\u1ec7 v\u1edbi C\u00e1c T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o<\/b><\/p>\n
![\"vaticanii\"](\"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/vaticanii.jpg\")
Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ba v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 Do T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ebft v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ba v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa, v\u00ec H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh, Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o hay H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00ec n\u00f3 xem ra tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ba v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Th\u1ef1c ra b\u1ed1n v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau.\u00a0 Trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 Do T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o (Digitatis Humanae)<\/b><\/p>\n
Digitatis Humanae<\/i> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 hay c\u00f4ng khai, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh hay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau, v\u00ec c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb Ph\u1ee5 n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u201c<\/i>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 T\u00f4ng Truy\u1ec1n. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>,\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(1) <\/i>v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd (2). \u00a0V\u00ec th\u1ebf, tuy c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tin theo ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.\u201d<\/i>(3) Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (6 v\u00e0 7).<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u201cph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc: \u2018\u0111\u1ec3 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf\u2019<\/i> (2Th 3:1)\u201d<\/i> c\u00f9ng tha thi\u1ebft xin c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 trao ban, ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh loan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n Tin M\u1eebng.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c tin (14).<\/p>\n
2. S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0110<\/b>\u1ea1i <\/b>K<\/b>\u1ebft<\/b>\u2013 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (Unitatis Redintegratio)<\/b><\/p>\n
Digitatis Humanae<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Lumen Gentium<\/i>. \u00a0S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u2018<\/i>t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/i>\u2019<\/i> trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u01a1 khai, trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t. \u00a0Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly khai kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean.\u201d <\/i>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ctin \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e9p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n
Digitatis Humanae<\/i> \u00a0nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f3 <\/i>m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 <\/i>y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/i>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed<\/i> c\u00f3<\/i> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u<\/i> y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/i> trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n<\/i>h\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p<\/i> <\/i>l<\/i>\u00e0 <\/i>nh\u1eefng g\u00ec <\/i>c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 <\/i>\u0111em l\u1ea1i<\/i> s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho <\/i>ch\u00ednh <\/i>H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <\/i>hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf<\/i> b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o:<\/i> nh\u01b0<\/i> L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa<\/i> b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1<\/i>, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, \u0111\u1ee9c tin, <\/i>\u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady<\/i> v\u00e0 b\u00e1c <\/i>m\u1ebfn<\/i>,<\/i> c\u00f9ng<\/i> nh\u1eefng <\/i>\u01a1n<\/i> <\/i>b\u1ec1 trong<\/i> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 <\/i>nh\u1eefng<\/i> y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 <\/i>h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh<\/i>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, <\/i>l<\/i>\u00e0 <\/i>nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u <\/i>\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn <\/i>ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>, <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean <\/i>thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4<\/i>\u201d<\/i> (3). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n \u201cnh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft\u201d<\/i>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quanh vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, B\u00ed T\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 B\u00ed T\u00edch Truy\u1ec3n Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \u201c<\/i>Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 sung m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a \u01a1n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/i>\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n
Sau khi th\u1eeba th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, S\u00e1c L\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch; tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhau; c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o; v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 14 \u0111\u1ebfn 17 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o) v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u00ed T\u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201c<\/i>c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ecb em<\/i>\u201d<\/i> (14), v\u00e0 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n v\u1ea1ch ra v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nghi th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00eam phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, Digitatis Humanae<\/i> khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i \u201ctr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4n ngoan\u201d<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ctrung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd do c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sung m\u00e3n nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn l\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d<\/i> (24).<\/p>\n
3. Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 Li\u00ean L\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1cT\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o (<\/b>Nostra Aetate)<\/b>:<\/b><\/p>\n
Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Nostra Aetate<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a sai l\u1ea7m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0 S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y v\u00ec b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a GHHV Pi\u00f4 X kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i danh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111a nguy\u00ean\u201d (religious pluralism)<\/i> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ctheo nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t l\u00fac\u201d (multiple religious belonging).<\/i><\/p>\n
Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, Nostra Aetate<\/i> tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.\u201d<\/i> V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n Linh T\u1ed1i Cao. C\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o: \u201cH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o <\/i>kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng hu\u1ea5n gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft kia, tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh duy tr\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng <\/i>th\u01b0\u1eddng <\/i>mang l\u1ea1i<\/i> m\u1ed9t tia <\/b><\/i>s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a <\/i><\/b>Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd<\/i><\/b> <\/i><\/b>\u1ea5y, <\/i><\/b>l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd<\/i> <\/i>chi\u1ebfu soi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi <\/i>ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>.\u201d<\/i> B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a GHHV Pi\u00f4 X d\u1ecbch sai l\u00e0 \u201cc\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd<\/b>, Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd chi\u1ebfu soi cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>.<\/i>\u201d\u00a0 V\u00ec d\u1ecbch tia s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.\u00a0 Nh\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u201cc\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd \u1ea5y<\/b>\u201d,<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng (radium) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd \u1ea5y (illius Veritatis), v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n (Lumen gentium), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n
Nostra Aetate<\/i> c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu r\u1eb1ng \u201c<\/i>H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh rao gi\u1ea3ng<\/b> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn<\/b> ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, \u00d0\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u2019<\/i> (Ga 14:6), n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o sung m\u00e3n v\u00e0 nh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa giao h\u00f2a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/i> C\u00e2u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecf qua khi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Nostra Aetate<\/i>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n \u00edch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/i> m\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u00e2u: \u201cb\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/b> v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/b>\u201d<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n M\u1eb9, c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0103n chay. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nhau, c\u00f9ng nhau b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 do cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, Nostra Aetate<\/i> \u201c<\/i>tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i \u00f4ng Abraham theo \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u2026. c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m trong cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u01b0u tuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u2026.\u201d<\/i> C\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra t\u1eeb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u201cv\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00ean Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed5 v\u00f5, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nhau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Th\u00e1nh Kinh, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trong tinh th\u1ea7n anh em.\u201d<\/i> C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0m h\u1ed3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb (5), C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u201cloan b\u00e1o th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng.\u201d(4)<\/i><\/p>\n
4. S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 Ho\u1ea1t \u00d0\u1ed9ng Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (Ad gentes)<\/b><\/p>\n
Ad gentes<\/i> qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa sai \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u201d<\/i>, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi, v\u00ec th\u1ebf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n gian, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau m\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cc\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i, h\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t\u201d <\/i>(1). T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/i>, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u1eef h\u00e0nh<\/i> ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/i> (2). \u00a0<\/sup>\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Tin M\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi d\u1eabn v\u00e0 tu b\u1ed5.\u00a0 H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ch\u00faa Cha \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sai Ch\u00faa Con m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0 Satan c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n rao gi\u1ea3ng hay \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u1edbi t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Gi\u00earusalem ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c qua su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian, cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (3). Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3 v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a sai Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sai ban Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i (4).\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 sai c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ed3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n: \u201cV\u1eady c\u00e1c con h\u00e3y \u0111i d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n: r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd nh\u00e2n danh Cha v\u00e0 Con v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u Ta \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c con\u201d<\/i> (Matthew 28:19-20<\/span>). Do \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (5). V\u00ec th\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi quy t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n (6).\u00a0 L\u00fd do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u00d0\u1ea5ng \u201cmu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t trung gian duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u00d0\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/i> (1Tm 2:4-6), \u201cv\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/i> (Cv 4:12). V\u1eady m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1edd l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau c\u00f9ng, nh\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f4n vinh, m\u1ed9t khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t (7).<\/p>\n5. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa B\u1ed1n V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 C\u00e1c V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng.<\/b><\/p>\n
S\u1edf d\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang theo gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Lumen gentium<\/i> v\u00e0 Dei Verbum<\/i>. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf T\u00edn L\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n.\u00a0 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i sau. \u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1985 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n- M\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng;<\/li>\n
- B\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c;<\/li>\n
- T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi, n\u1ed9i dung t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
- C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, k\u1ec3 c\u00e0 c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Do \u0111\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra sai l\u1ea7m hay b\u00f3p m\u00e9o nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec l\u1ea1i xung kh\u1eafc nhau.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n
Theo Lumem gentium<\/i> th\u00ec H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn Tin M\u1eebng, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ma qu\u1ec9 g\u1ea1t g\u1eabm m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n sai l\u1ea1c khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a (x. Romans 1:21,25<\/span>); ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00ean li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00ec h\u1eb1ng quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa truy\u1ec1n: \u201cH\u00e3y rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng cho m\u1ecdi t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt\u201d<\/i> (Mc 16:15), n\u00ean H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1eadn t\u00e2m lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (LG 16). \u00a0Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c trong nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng thanh l\u1ecdc, n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang, h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ma qu\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ( LG 17).<\/p>\nTrong Unitatis Redintegratio<\/i>,<\/b> Digitatis Humanae<\/i> v\u00e0 Nostra Aetate<\/i>, c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y hai Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Digitatis Humanae<\/i> v\u00e0 Nostra Aetate<\/i> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ecf c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf hay S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.\u00a0 V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 trich d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u trong hai v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 Do T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o hay v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Phaol\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Kh\u00f4i<\/i><\/p>\n
Vi\u1ebft theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Pi\u00f4 X \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n Latinh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh.<\/i><\/p>\n