{"id":985,"date":"2011-03-14T20:15:45","date_gmt":"2011-03-14T14:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/?p=985"},"modified":"2011-03-14T20:19:04","modified_gmt":"2011-03-14T14:19:04","slug":"bai-giao-ly-moi-i-cua-dtc-benedicto-xvi-ve-thanh-phaolo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/bai-giao-ly-moi-i-cua-dtc-benedicto-xvi-ve-thanh-phaolo\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd M\u1edbi I c\u1ee7a \u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"

TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI V\u00c0 TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH PHAOL\u00d4<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch B\u00e0i Hu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI trong bu\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u y\u1ebft chung v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0, m\u00f9ng 2 th\u00e1ng 7, n\u0103m 2008.<\/em><\/p>\n

* * *<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Anh ch\u1ecb em th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd m\u1edbi d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u1ea3 Phaol\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn n\u0103m nay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4, 29 th\u00e1ng 6, n\u0103m 2008 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng L\u1ec5 n\u00e0y n\u0103m t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh nh\u1edb ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4, m\u1ed9t dung m\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng, \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cao c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Cho n\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta d\u00e0nh cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u1eddi nay.<\/p>\n

Trong bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m x\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi khung c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed. Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 thd\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u1ea7y cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng 10% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh R\u00f4ma n\u00e0y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u00edt h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 3% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y nay, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung quanh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hai h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf di\u1ec5u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0\u00a0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i \u201ck\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u00f2ng gi\u00e1o\u201d li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (synagogue) v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Cic\u00ear\u00f4, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gi\u00earusalem n\u1eefa (x. Pro Flacco,<\/em> 66-69), v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a phu nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a N\u00ear\u00f4, b\u00e0 Poppea, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Giuse Flavi\u00f4 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh\u201d v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i (x. Ant. of the Jews,<\/em> 20, 195.252, V. 16), ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Juli\u00f4 Caesar \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 s\u1eed gia Do Th\u00e1i\u00a0 Giuse Flavi\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i (x. ibid 14, 200-216). \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t Israel, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng (Diaspora), nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Palestine.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma. Ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Do Th\u00e1i hay D\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u00e0nh Nadareth, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i l\u1eabn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 Hy L\u1ea1p (Hellenistic), l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1eadu Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh di s\u1ea3n chung \u00edt ra c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng coi l\u00e0 man di. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng Alexander \u201cra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u201cecumene\u201d [\u0111\u1ea5t c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5] nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea cha \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5\u2026 v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Man Di.\u201d(Plutarch, De Alexandri Magni luck aut virtute,<\/em> \u00a7 \u00a7 6.8).<\/em><\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 y\u00ean \u1ed5n t\u1eeb Anh Qu\u1ed1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec3n nam Ai C\u1eadp, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. \u1ede kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t chung \u201csuper partes,\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i tri\u1ebft gia Phil\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf Alexandria, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 ca t\u1ee5ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf August\u00f4 b\u1edfi vi \u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u00e3 \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n man r\u1ee3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u2026 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d (Legatio to Caium,<\/em> \u00a7 \u00a7 146-147).<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n quan ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Phaol\u00f4, sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0110amasc\u00f4 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i hay Hy L\u1ea1p, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hay t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1eefa, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 anh em ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong \u00d0\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4\u201d<\/em> (Galatians 3:28<\/span>). \u00a0Nh\u01b0ng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed – v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ba n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a,\u201d k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1c quy\u1ec1n \u201ccivis romanus\u201d [c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n R\u00f4ma] c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi g\u1ed1c Latinh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft Kh\u1eafc K\u1ef7, l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. Trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Kh\u1eafc K\u1ef7, nh\u01b0 Z\u00ean\u00f4 v\u00e0 Cleanthes l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n th\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 S\u00ean\u00eaca, Mus\u00f4ni\u00f4 v\u00e0 Epict\u00eat\u00f4. Ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao qu\u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c, \u201cThuy\u1ebft Kh\u1eafc K\u1ef7 \u2026 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tinh th\u1ea7n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay\u201d (M. Pohlenz, La Stoa, I, Florence 2, 1978, pp. 565ff).<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, v\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. Khi Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 vi\u1ebft cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu Philipph\u00ea: \u201cNh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 tinh tuy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng khen, th\u00ec h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d<\/em> (Philippians 4:8<\/span>), th\u00ec ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u00edt ra tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Sau Lucr\u00eati\u00f4, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd s\u1ef1 r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u\u201d (De rerum natura 1, 101), m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia nh\u01b0 S\u00ean\u00eaca, trong khi \u0111i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nghi th\u1ee9c b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf g\u1ea7n anh em, ng\u00e0i \u1edf v\u1edbi anh em, ng\u00e0i \u1edf trong anh em\u201d (Lettere a Lucilio, 41, 1).<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Kho\u00e1i L\u1ea1c \u1edf Areopagus t\u1ea1i Athens, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng \u201cNg\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd do tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u2026 ch\u00ednh \u1edf trong Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng, c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d<\/em> (T\u0111cv 17:24-28). V\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0o M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vi\u1ec7c khai t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp (\u201cekklesiai\u201d) x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf t\u01b0 gia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Khi \u1ea5y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c thi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh \u201cB\u1eefa Ti\u1ec7c Ly c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, t\u1eeb b\u00e0i \u00f4n ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 khung c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn khung c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u1eabn l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady dung m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang cho Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00e1ch chung, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4: \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 ai, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

+\u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Phaol\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Kh\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/div>Galatians 3:28<\/span>
View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
28<\/span>There is neither Jew nor Greek: there is neither bond nor free: there is neither male nor female. For you are all one in Christ Jesus.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>Philippians 4:8<\/span>
View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
8<\/span>For the rest, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever modest, whatsoever just, whatsoever holy, whatsoever lovely, whatsoever of good fame, if there be any virtue, if any praise of discipline, think on these things.<\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI V\u00c0 TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH PHAOL\u00d4 D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch B\u00e0i Hu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI trong bu\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u y\u1ebft chung v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0, m\u00f9ng 2 th\u00e1ng 7, n\u0103m 2008. * * * Anh ch\u1ecb em th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd … [Read more…]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,38],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-tranquang","4":"post-985","6":"format-standard","7":"category-gl-ve-tphaolo","8":"category-thanh-phaolo"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}