{"id":1077,"date":"2011-03-14T22:04:44","date_gmt":"2011-03-14T16:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/?p=1077"},"modified":"2011-03-20T12:12:08","modified_gmt":"2011-03-20T06:12:08","slug":"bai-giao-ly-moi-xx-cua-dtc-benedicto-xvi-ve-thanh-phaolo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/bai-giao-ly-moi-xx-cua-dtc-benedicto-xvi-ve-thanh-phaolo\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd M\u1edbi XX c\u1ee7a \u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00c1I CH\u1ebeT V\u00c0 DI S\u1ea2N C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH PHAOL\u00d4<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch b\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ea3nh Phaol\u00f4 VI trong bu\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u y\u1ebft chung v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 4 th\u00e1ng 2, 2009. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfng \u00dd n\u00e0y, \u0110TC k\u1ebft th\u00fac lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/em><\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

Anh ch\u1ecb em th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t: h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecbu t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf R\u00f4ma. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. S\u00e1ch T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u1ea5y ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i (x. Cv 28:30-31).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 trong Th\u01b0 Th\u1ee9 Hai g\u1eedi Tim\u00f4th\u00ea ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: \u201cC\u00f2n cha, cha s\u1eafp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u ra l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd cha ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i.” <\/em>(2 Timothy 4:6<\/span>; x. Phl 2:17). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a hy l\u1ec5, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Philipph\u00ea, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n th\u1ea3 d\u00e2y neo, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 90 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u00faa H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh R\u00f4ma, m\u00e0 v\u00ec Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Cl\u00eament\u00ea I, vi\u1ebft cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4rinth\u00f4. Trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 n\u00e0y Th\u00e1nh Cl\u00eament\u00ea m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, v\u00e0 ngay sau khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc: \u201cV\u00ec s\u1ef1 ghanh t\u1ef5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. B\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea3i, n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t vinh quang tinh tuy\u1ec1n. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh, c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn\u201d (1 Clem 5:2). S\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec m\u00e0 nh\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7y gian kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i mang tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu\u201d<\/em> (Galatians 6:17<\/span>).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Clement\u00ea n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ct\u1eadn c\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh sang T\u00e2y Ban Nha m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u00f2 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. M\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00ec trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Roma Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh mu\u1ed1n sang T\u00e2y Ban Nha (x. Romans 15:24<\/span>).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 trong th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Cl\u00eament\u00ea hai t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4 lu\u00f4n \u0111i li\u1ec1n nhau, ngay c\u1ea3 trong ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Eusebi\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Cesarea th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf N\u00ear\u00f4, ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf R\u00f4ma, c\u00f2n Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111anh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ea5ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y\u201d (Hist.. eccl. 2,25,5). R\u1ed3i Eusebi\u00f4 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c Roma t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gai\u00f4, \u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Vatican, hay \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ostiens\u00ea, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d (ibid. 2,25,6-7). C\u00e1c \u201cchi\u1ebfn t\u00edch\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bia m\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a hai Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, sau hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00f4n k\u00ednh t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Vatican v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, hay \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng Cung Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 Ngo\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ostiens\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh nh\u1edb v\u1ecb T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 D\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c hai v\u1ecb T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chung c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ea5ng \u1edf R\u00f4ma, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 coi hai \u0111\u1ea5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Roma. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong [th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a] Th\u00e1nh Irena\u00ea\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Lyon, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh: \u201cS\u1ebd m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4 vinh hi\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00f9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i Roma \u201d (Adv. haer. 3,3,2).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II. S\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Ner\u00f4 l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 (x. 9,5). Ng\u00e0y ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5, kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Ner\u00f4 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh Roma, x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 64, v\u00e0 n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Ner\u00f4 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 68 (x. Gi\u00ear\u00f4nim\u00f4, De viris ill. 5,8). Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 t\u1edbi Roma, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 t\u00edch h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 vi\u00eac t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Acqua Salvia tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Laurentina, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea3y ba l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m v\u1ecdt l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cTre Fontane – Ba Su\u1ed1i\u201d (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4 Pseudo Marcel, Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V). Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u01a1p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ed5, m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Gai\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u201c\u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh,\u2026 d\u1eb7m th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ostiens\u00ea\u201d, \u201cnh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Lucina\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef theo Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (Cu\u1ed9c Kh\u1ed5 N\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, Pseudo Abdia, thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf ky th\u1ee9 IV). \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Constantin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 V b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Valentinian\u00f4 II. T\u00eaodosi\u00f4 v\u00e0 Arca\u0111i\u00f4. Sau v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1800, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Cung Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 Ngo\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, ch\u00e2n dung th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec th\u1eadt ra ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t gia s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Trong khi gi\u1eefa nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cEbionites\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u2013 ngai b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o theo Lu\u1eadt M\u00f4s\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng trong S\u00e1ch T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Cha mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0, nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 Tecla c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i quy \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia Seneca. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 – ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 – Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t d\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u201chi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n\u201d n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0 cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 l\u00e0 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Alexandrea, Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u00d4rigen, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Roma. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft 7 b\u00e0i t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb. Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 b\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a khoa ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Tin L\u00e0nh. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Luther\u00f4, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTurmerlebnis\u201d (1517), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadt qu\u00e1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng tha th\u1ee9 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Luther\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft duy lu\u1eadt Do Th\u00e1i-Kit\u00f4, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n, v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung Trent\u00f4, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1545 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1563, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u sa v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng theo s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/p>\n

\u1ede th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n h\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Khai Minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Phaol\u00f4, qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Cha \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Nietsche, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ea bai n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi\u00a0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh theo khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do: quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, nh\u01b0 Luther\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u1edbi l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. V\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 trong Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111i\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c sinh. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c sinh n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho Th\u00e2n M\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cha ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c sinh, N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi rao gi\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, c\u0169ng gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng quy gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn cho l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, cha mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phong tr\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edd th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u00f2ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng mang t\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XVI v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Barnabites, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng Th\u1eeba Sai Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 hay l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Paulista, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u1edbi \u201cGia \u0111\u00ecnh Phaol\u00f4\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, do ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc Giacomo Alberione th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Tu H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1eddi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ng\u00e0i, ai trong ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edch l\u1ee3i, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Noe, khi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u201ckh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, thay v\u00ec n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c Th\u01b0, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u00e9o ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng hai, ba hay n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00ea gi\u1edbi s\u1eafp b\u1ecb h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t\u201d (Paneg. 1.5).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i,\u00a0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

+\u0110TC B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Phaol\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Kh\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/div>2 Timothy 4:6<\/span>
View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
6<\/span>For I am even now ready to be sacrificed: and the time of my dissolution is at hand.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>Galatians 6:17<\/span>
View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
17<\/span>From henceforth let no man be troublesome to me; for I bear the marks of the Lord Jesus in my body.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>Romans 15:24<\/span>
View in: NAB<\/a><\/span><\/div>
24<\/span>When I shall begin to take my journey into Spain, I hope that as I pass, I shall see you, and be brought on my way thither by you, if first, in part, I shall have enjoyed you:<\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00c1I CH\u1ebeT V\u00c0 DI S\u1ea2N C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH PHAOL\u00d4 D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch b\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ea3nh Phaol\u00f4 VI trong bu\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u y\u1ebft chung v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 4 th\u00e1ng 2, 2009. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfng \u00dd n\u00e0y, \u0110TC k\u1ebft th\u00fac lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i … [Read more…]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,38],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-tranquang","4":"post-1077","6":"format-standard","7":"category-gl-ve-tphaolo","8":"category-thanh-phaolo"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1077"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1077\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}