{"id":5187,"date":"2021-12-20T13:58:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T07:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/?p=5187"},"modified":"2021-11-18T23:29:22","modified_gmt":"2021-11-18T17:29:22","slug":"ngoi-l%e1%bb%9di-da-lam-ng%c6%b0%e1%bb%9di","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/ngoi-l%e1%bb%9di-da-lam-ng%c6%b0%e1%bb%9di\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0110\u00e3 L\u00e0m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong>\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

(Gioan 1,1-18 \u2013 L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng Sinh – Ban ng\u00e0y)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ra cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cn\u00f3i\u201d v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 thinh l\u1eb7ng\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.- Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng IV<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a long tr\u1ecdng <\/em>c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. \u0110oi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n M\u1edf <\/em>c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>, theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u1edf nh\u1ea1c k\u1ecbch c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng<\/em> (s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, vinh quang, Con, tin, l\u00e0m con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u1ebf gian, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, v.v.). L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n theo \u0111\u00fang quy lu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft v\u0103n th\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5 Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-tinh nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn sau, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt (Zumstein). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng cc. 1-18 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a hay m\u1ed9t <\/em>ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf n\u1eefa; c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/em>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u truy\u1ec7n, qua \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y v\u00e0 chia lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh hai kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>. Th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 trong cc. 1-5.9-12.14-18 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf trong L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a. Dung m\u1ea1o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1eddi\u201d (logos<\/em>) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a TM<\/em>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eadp trung trong cc. 14-18, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u201c\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng\u201d (charis<\/em>), \u201csung m\u00e3n\u201d (pl\u00ear\u00f4ma<\/em>) v\u00e0 \u201c\u1edf trong l\u1ec1u (= c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5)\u201d (sk\u00eanoun<\/em>) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a v\u00e0 TM<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ba ki\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t <\/em>t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Do c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u TM<\/em>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec sao trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 g\u1ed1c \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a TM IV<\/em> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, th\u1ebf gian, vinh quang\u2026).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>th\u00e1nh ca Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ra trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gioan, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TM<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <\/em>ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf c\u1ee7a TM<\/em>. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i gi\u1eefa L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a TM<\/em> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh ca Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ed1 th\u01b0 Phaol\u00f4<\/em> (x. Pl<\/em> 2,6-11; Cl<\/em> 1,15-20; 1 Tm<\/em> 3,16).<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, hi\u1ec7n nay L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0o TM IV<\/em>. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n K\u1ebft c\u1ee7a TM<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau khi quy\u1ec3n TM<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft xong. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>suy t\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 TM<\/em>, do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i trong quy\u1ec3n TM<\/em> v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n TM<\/em> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia v\u00e0 Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u201cl\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u1ee5c\u201d c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n TM IV<\/em>. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i TM IV<\/em> (Collins). V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a ch\u1ec9 \u201cho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u201cbi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn quy\u1ec3n Tin M\u1eebng\u201d (Bultmann). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Zumstein: \u201cL\u1eddi t\u1ef1a\u00a0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy ch\u1ebf th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. Truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, cho Logos<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Truy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o\u201d.<\/p>\n

2.- B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

1) Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng (1,1-13):<\/p>\n

a) L\u1eddi ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (1,1-5),<\/p>\n

b) Gioan l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n (1,6-8 [15]),<\/p>\n

c) Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1eadt (1,9-13);<\/p>\n

2) Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (1,14.16-18).<\/p>\n

3.- V\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

– L\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em> (1): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf<\/em>, nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (x. St<\/em> 1,1). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u1edf \u201cl\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt ra L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 mong chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

– c\u00f3<\/em> (1): \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00ean<\/em> (was, \u00e9tait) \u1edf th\u00ec v\u1ecb-ho\u00e0n (imperfect) di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i: L\u1eddi lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch si\u00eau v\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.<\/p>\n

– L\u1eddi <\/em>(1): \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00ea-m\u00edt, \u201cl\u1eddi\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>\u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ta ph\u00e1t ra. Theo h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t khi l\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra, th\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i m\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u1ea5y di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Gioan<\/em>. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em> v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc<\/em>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a TM IV<\/em> v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 ba tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eafm nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u00f4n Ngoan, L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Cn<\/em> 8,22t; Hc<\/em> 24,22t; Is<\/em> 55,10t; Kn<\/em> 18,14t), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt v\u1edbi L\u1eddi (Hc<\/em> 24,1.3.22t). \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc<\/em>, L\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u00f4n Ngoan c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 g\u00e1n cho L\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 (Cv<\/em> 8,4; 19,20; 1 Cr<\/em> 1,24; Pl<\/em> 2,16).<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/em>(2): Gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb pros<\/em> cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t <\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o. T\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh<\/em> (3): D\u1ecbch s\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh (egeneto<\/em>)\u201d: \u0110\u1ecdng t\u1eeb egeneto<\/em> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n LXX s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong St<\/em> 1,3, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u201ct\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec\u201d (a nihilo<\/em>) (x. 17,24). Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1edd trung gian c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Tv<\/em> 33,6.9; 147,15-18; Is<\/em> 40,26; 48,3; Kn<\/em> 9,1; x. St<\/em> 1,3) ho\u1eb7c cho \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u00f4n Ngoan c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Cn<\/em> 8,27-30; Kn<\/em> 7,12; 8,4; 9,9).<\/p>\n

– kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh<\/em> (3): Ch\u1ed7 c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa c. 3 v\u00e0 c. 4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n l\u1eabn ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu gh\u00e9p c. 3c v\u1edbi c. 4a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc c. 3 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

– nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>;<\/p>\n

– nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3<\/em> (t\u1ee9c trong th\u1ebf gian) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/em>;<\/p>\n

– nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, Logos l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/em>;<\/p>\n

– nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec g\u00e1n cho t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, chung cho m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t <\/em>v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi\/v\u0129nh c\u1eedu\u201d, \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong TM IV<\/em> lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi<\/em> m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh g\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y: m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (coordinate) ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u1edbi qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb[1]<\/a>[1]: Tin M\u1eebng b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi trong Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng ban cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e2u 3<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u1edf th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eb1m n\u00eau b\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1eadt <\/em>(9): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a TM IV<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho tr\u1ea7n gian\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u1edf ngay \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\/b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho tr\u1ea7n gian\u201d (8,12), \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 b\u1ea9m sinh th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (x. ch. 9). R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao Giu\u0111a b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ban \u0111\u00eam (13,30), t\u1ea1i sao Maria M\u00e1c\u0111ala \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 khi tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i (20,1), ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u1edf ch. 21 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho t\u1edbi khi g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o danh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> (12): Tin v\u00e0o ai c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. C\u00f3 33 l\u1ea7n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ctin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu\u201d, ch\u1ec9 1 <\/em>l\u1ea7n \u201ctin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (14,1). \u201cTin v\u00e0o danh\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n (1,12; 2,23; 3,18; 1 Ga<\/em> 5,13) v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n quy v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu; c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u00ean.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m <\/em>(14): D\u1ecbch s\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\/x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m\u201d. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\u201d (sarx<\/em>) trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/em> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t <\/em>ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n mong manh, m\u1ed9t <\/em>h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <\/em>(14.16; x. 21,24): \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ai? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n khi \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4i kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 1 Ga<\/em> 1,1-4 (1 Ga<\/em> 4,2 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ga<\/em> 1,14). \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1eafc th\u00e1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng: Ga<\/em> 21,24 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 19,35 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 3 Ga<\/em> 12. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u201canh em\u201d (you<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Ga<\/em> 15,26-27 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d kia? D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong Ga<\/em> 15,26-27 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong TM IV<\/em> v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c Th\u01b0<\/em> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra ba kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3: (1) \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung; (2) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu hay c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n; 3) c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o TM<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Th\u01b0<\/em>. Th\u1eadt ra trong m\u1ed7i \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m (pluralis modestiae<\/em>). \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d bao g\u1ed3m (inclusive) th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d + \u201canh em\u201d = d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00fang ta\u201d. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb (exclusive) th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d + \u201ch\u1ecd\u201d = \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d. Trong hy ng\u1eef T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung, hy ng\u1eef Kinh Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung k\u00ednh\u201d (pluralis maiestatis<\/em>). R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00faa Cha<\/em> (14.18): TM IV<\/em> d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cCha\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa 122 l\u1ea7n trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u201cCha c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (8,41-42 [2x]; 20,17 [1x]). C\u0169ng trong TM<\/em> n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCon Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d theo ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t <\/em>b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccon\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh\u201d c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

– \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/em> (17): Lu\u1eadt th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i (hendiadys<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng\u201d. S\u1ef1 song \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c. 17a v\u00e0 17b kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m (climax). Hai v\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ch\u1ebft \u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n kh\u00e1c\u201d (charin anti charitos<\/em>) c\u1ee7a c. 16. C\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadt M\u00f4s\u00ea l\u1eabn m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng do l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch duy nh\u1ea5t: Logos Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 soi s\u00e1ng cho M\u00f4s\u00ea.<\/p>\n

4.- \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng<\/em> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Mt<\/em> li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9: ng\u00e0i t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u vua \u0110av\u00edt v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 Abraham (Mt<\/em> 1,1-17). Mc<\/em> quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Kit\u00f4, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Mc<\/em> 1,1-15). Lc<\/em> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m theo c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t <\/em>l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a, cho bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 l\u1edbp lang (Lc<\/em> 1,3): \u1edf 1,31, ng\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u1edf 2,11, ng\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. C\u00f2n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Gioan<\/em>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1ecdi t\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u1edf 1,17, th\u00ec \u1edf 1,1-13, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u1edf 1,14-18, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian.<\/p>\n

* Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng (1-13)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TM IV<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi<\/em>. B\u1eb1ng danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta. D\u00e2n Israel nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00e9p k\u00edn m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giam m\u00ecnh trong c\u00f5i thinh l\u1eb7ng, v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00f4 danh, xa c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Abraham, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ban cho \u00f4ng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a l\u00e0 mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac (x. St<\/em> 12,1-3). Qua trung gian M\u00f4s\u00ea, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n\u201d. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7, l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o, l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf t\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u1eb1ng L\u1eddi t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ra hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Nh\u1edd L\u1eddi n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ef1 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ra cho h\u1ecd, cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd. L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. L\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u1ecf v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n. L\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a. L\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0<\/em> L\u1eddi n\u00e0y, L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 L\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ra v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 chan h\u00f2a, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t <\/em>\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ebd. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u n\u00e0o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ga<\/em> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong 1,1-13.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 vang l\u00ean r\u1ed3i t\u1eaft m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng L\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: \u201cL\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. L\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (Ga<\/em> 1,1-2). T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi ba \u00fd: Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi th\u00ec v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t <\/em>c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m trong c. 2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang n\u00eau l\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: TM IV<\/em> n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0m, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang c\u00e1c l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, L\u1eddi v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
\nKinh Th\u00e1nh<\/em> m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cL\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d (St<\/em> 1,1).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, TM IV<\/em> kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cL\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o L\u1eddi\u201d, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cL\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 [Ng\u00f4i] L\u1eddi\u201d. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u0129nh c\u1eedu n\u00e0y \u1edf b\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c<\/em> h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung gian. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra ngay tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c<\/em> b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a\u2013t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2013L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn: \u201cNh\u1edd [Ng\u00f4i] L\u1eddi, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh\u201d. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cV\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh\u201d (1,3). To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (x. 1 Cr<\/em> 8,6; Cl<\/em> 1,16; Dt<\/em> 1,2), l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t <\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t <\/em>x\u1ee9 s\u1edf xa l\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Ga<\/em> 1,9-11). Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa quay h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em>, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cL\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n soi cho con b\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng con \u0111i\u201d (Tv<\/em> 119,105) v\u00e0: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, th\u00e2n con b\u1ecb mu\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ee5c, theo l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i, xin cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng\u201d (Tv<\/em> 119,107). \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1edbi l\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng (x. Ga<\/em> 5,26). Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu soi, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch. B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 TM IV<\/em> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ecfa r\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, ti\u00ean b\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u: \u201cB\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d (1,5). \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 mang s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfu soi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Sau khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n Gioan, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gian (1,9-13). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1eadt soi chi\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau. Hai l\u1ea7n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi b\u1ecb xua tr\u1eeb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gian, tuy v\u1eabn nh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb m\u00f9 l\u00f2a v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f9 l\u00f2a khi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0\u201d m\u1ed9t <\/em>l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c Israel l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (x. Tv<\/em> 135,4). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra c\u1eeda, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ecd, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u1ecd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t <\/em>th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TM IV<\/em>, \u201ctin v\u00e0o\/tin v\u00e0o danh\u201d l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. Theo Ga<\/em> 3,18 (x. 1 Ga<\/em> 5,13), danh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cCon M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (x. Ga<\/em> 1,14.18). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00edn th\u00e1c v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho quy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c con v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t <\/em>d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft ri\u00eang t\u01b0 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian: trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t <\/em>lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Ga<\/em> 1,13). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (x. 3,3), ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i Con M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

* Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (14.16-18)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n Gioan (1,6), trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o. Sau khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ta t\u00ecm ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Ai \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p Ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ban cho ch\u00fang ta?<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1,14-18), c\u00e1c t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau: m\u1ed9t <\/em>nh\u00f3m \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cch\u00fang ta\/ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d (1,14.16). C\u00e1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111an quy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (= \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd (1,14), t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (1,14). V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n sung m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft \u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n kh\u00e1c\u201d, ng\u00e0i n\u00eau b\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Gioan [T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3] (1,15). Ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5y<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u201cch\u00fang ta\/ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d (x. 1,29.30.36). T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TM<\/em> h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111ang nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t <\/em>kinh nghi\u1ec7m phi th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi n\u00eau l\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111an quy\u1ec7n nhau. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn lao duy nh\u1ea5t, cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngay trong m\u1ed9t <\/em>l\u1ea7n, trong khi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tri d\u1ea7n d\u00e0, t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn (1,9), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u00e0nh x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m\u201d, trong vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cl\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. \u201cTr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <\/em>con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ea1o, lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t <\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nay v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <\/em>con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea5t t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00eau t\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TM IV<\/em> ph\u00e1c ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1edbt qua r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ngay, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u1ea5y: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Ga<\/em> 1,14). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con <\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cch\u00fang ta\/ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TM<\/em> coi m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7; h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (x. 2,11; 20,30). H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u201cvinh quang c\u1ee7a Con M\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d (1,14). C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cvinh quang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (x. Xh<\/em> 24,16-17; Ed<\/em> 1,28). \u201cVinh quang\u201d n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 huy ho\u00e0ng l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi trong \u0111\u00f3 ta tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nay hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00e2m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nh\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (Ga<\/em> 1,4.9) v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng (x. 1 Ga<\/em> 1,4).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Con duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u00f4 song c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Cha \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>kh\u00f4ng hai n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cCha\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cCon\u201d c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Cha sai ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d (Ga<\/em> 1,14). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi (1,16). Nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a\/v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban xu\u1ed1ng cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng\u201d (= \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng),\u00a0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 (1,17; x. 14,6). \u201c\u00c2n s\u1ee7ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t <\/em>th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban nh\u01b0ng-kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t <\/em>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: \u201cAi th\u1ea5y Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d (14,9). Trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 Con, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Cha: ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u00e1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>\u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em>. Nh\u1edd trung gian M\u00f4s\u00ea, L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 l\u00f2ng \u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u0169ng m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt loan b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m, \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ban cho d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i (x. Ga<\/em> 1,45; 5,46), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ngay c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i: xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n n\u00e0y, Israel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n (x. Tv<\/em> 19; 119).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd trung gian \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u00e2n ban tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung gian theo ki\u1ec3u M\u00f4s\u00ea, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gian, \u00e2n ban l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ta: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ai th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3\u201d (Ga<\/em> 1,18). Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t <\/em>ai, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 M\u00f4s\u00ea, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho g\u1eb7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nay \u201cCon M\u1ed9t v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng h\u1eb1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i cung l\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa Cha, ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft\u201d (1,18). Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh ba t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i cho ph\u00e9p \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Cha.<\/p>\n

Trong ba t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t (x. Ga<\/em> 1,14), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (x. 1,1c). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ngang h\u00e0ng nhau, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t <\/em>b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 nhau. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng (x. 13,23). C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o; khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, \u201cnh\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i\u201d. Nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, ngay t\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u00e2u y\u1ebfm v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Con th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (1,12). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ai th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3\u201d (1,18); nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u201cai th\u1ea5y Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d (14,9).<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a c\u00f3 ghi ba t\u00ean: Gioan, M\u00f4s\u00ea v\u00e0 Gi\u00easu. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ba nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Gioan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (Ga<\/em> 1,7). Nh\u1edd trung gian M\u00f4s\u00ea, L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho d\u00e2n (1,17). V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, \u00e2n ban s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gian. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t. Khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i t\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra (1,17), th\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ean n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a suy di\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0ng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn xem vinh quang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>danh hi\u1ec7u: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cKit\u00f4\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho d\u00e2n Israel, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ea1t\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i TM<\/em>, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Philat\u00f4: \u201cCh\u00ednh ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 vua. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y: l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Ai \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec nghe ti\u1ebfng t\u00f4i\u201d (Ga<\/em> 18,37). Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi\u00ean sai v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 mang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh ra trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Cha.<\/p>\n

+ K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u1edd ch\u00fang ta tin. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bung m\u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n Gi\u00easu.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TM IV<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu theo c\u00e1ch quy th\u1ea7n. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t <\/em>s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, vinh quang, \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a trong s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00faa Con, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Cha v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1eabn \u0111ang soi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf gian, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n vinh quang, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

5.- G\u1ee3i \u00fd suy ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi L\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 Cha c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp ra cho ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa Cha, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y, nh\u00ecn xem nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi, n\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn chia s\u1ebb b\u1eefa c\u01a1m v\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2. Khi chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ra cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cn\u00f3i\u201d c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng giao, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v.v.) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 thinh l\u1eb7ng\u201d (do c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, do b\u1ecb c\u00e2m, do thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m, do hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch v.v.).<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac b\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i: ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e2y h\u00e3m. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang che ph\u1ee7 Ng\u00e0i, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u00f4i \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i? D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh! \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Cha y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau?<\/p>\n

4. \u1ede 1 Ga<\/em> 2,23, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc: \u201cAi ch\u1ed1i Ch\u00faa Con th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Cha; k\u1ebb tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Con th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta? D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn \u1edf t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc<\/em>?<\/p>\n

5. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TM IV<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt si\u00eau v\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/em>con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m n\u1eefa. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <\/em>xu h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u00e9o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u201cl\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt\u201d xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt\u201d n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n

Lm PX V\u0169 Phan Long, ofm<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kinhthanh.org<\/p>\n


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(Gioan 1,1-18 \u2013 L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng Sinh – Ban ng\u00e0y) Khi chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ra cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m … [Read more…]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-tranquang","4":"post-5187","6":"format-standard","7":"category-thanh-kinh"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5187"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10718,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5187\/revisions\/10718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giaoly.org\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}